No 9 (2019)
ISSUES OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL HYGIENE
A. Yu. Popova,
S. V. Kuz'min,
V. B. Gurvich,
D. N. Kozlovskikh,
S. V. Romanov,
O. V. Dikonskaya,
O. L. Malykh,
E. A. Kuz'mina,
S. V. Yarushin
4-12 563
Abstract
The paper discusses the trends and tasks of the development of the social and hygienic monitoring framework in the Russian Federation according to «Road Map 2030». The framework for state social and hygienic monitoring needs to adopt intersectional and interdisciplinary properties to meet the demands of data-driven decision-making and provide for a better risk management in public health, improving the risk-oriented and preventive model of surveillance activities. This would also promote the enhancement of the risk-oriented and preventive model of surveillance activities. The core of the Road Map is aimed to ensure the enforcement of the Russian President's Executive Order no. 204 from May 7, 2018 'On National Goals and Strategic Objectives of the Russian Federation through to 2024'. The development of the socio-hygienic monitoring framework relies on enhancing the support, including financial one, for a more informed decision-making on international, national, regional and local arenas and at the level of economic agents. The support pertains to the national policy priorities with respect to sanitary and epidemiological safety and consumer rights protection. The role of socio-hygienic monitoring increases both within the regulatory process and with respect to the justification of sanitary and epidemiological requirements.
FOOD HYGIENE
13-17 233
Abstract
We presented an analysis of regulatory documents governing the application of civil law mechanisms in ensuring the quality and safety of food products. An assessment of the property damage to the consumer was made when purchasing non-conforming products, including food fraud in the Russian Federation, the Urals Federal District and the Sverdlovsk Region for certain food groups and their compensation. It was found that property damage to the consumer significantly exceeds the amount of compensation of its moral damage according to the results of the assessment. We determined that the amount of property damage for all participants in the turnover of food products is formed from the costs arising from the circulation of hazardous products, including falsified ones, as well as during the seizure of defective products and in the framework of bringing to administrative responsibility in the form of fines and / or compensation for moral damage. Considering the amount of damage arising from the circulation of low-quality and dangerous food products, the application of civil law mechanisms in the form of compulsory insurance is a promising area, which makes it possible to provide social and economic guarantees for property protection of participants in the turnover.
18-21 331
Abstract
We considered nutrition factor (nutrition structure, food safety in conjunction with working conditions and the actual nutrition of metallurgical workers - PJSC «Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works») and its place in the structure development of occupational morbidity of metallurgical workers. The irrational nature of workers' nutrition has been established with a predominant intake of saturated fats, sodium chloride, inadequate intake of a number of vitamins (A, D, folic acid) and bioelements (calcium). Hygienic recommendations on the correction of the nutritional structure depending on the identified deviations and its prevention measures are substantiated.
22-26 310
Abstract
A description of some modern approaches to the arranging of laboratory quality tests of public catering products is given. The object of the study was food raw materials and food products, as well as products of public catering enterprises, which were subjected to physical and chemical tests.We researched to analyze the existing system of arranging of laboratory quality tests and new approaches and recommendations development for its improvement.
27-32 323
Abstract
The paper discusses the organized nutrition of preschool children living in adverse environmental conditions, from the point of view of the actual provision of their physiological need for food and biologically active substances to save health. Various methods were used in the work to assess nutrition, health, as well as the vitamin and mineral supply of the body by a non-invasive method using the VITASTIQ-2 device. According to the results of the study difficulties were identified in providing children with a diverse healthy diet already at the stage of children's nutrition. Also we revealed an imbalance in the food set, which leads to an increased content of sodium and simple carbohydrates, to an insufficient amount of essential amino acids and vitamin B1. The integral index of usefulness of the chemical composition for a daily diet is calculated by the author's method. It is noted that due to the food that is not eaten by children in preschool educational institutions, they have an imbalance in the intake of biologically active substances, which reduces the protective and adaptive reserves of the child to adverse environmental factors. In order to correct diets, group and individual recommendations were proposed, as well as recommendations at the level of education departments and municipal administrations.
33-39 321
Abstract
A complex assessment of nutrition-related health risks of the working-age population of the Samara region with application of the questionnaire method is carried out. Actual nutrition was studied by a method of 24-hour reproduction of a diet with use of the program complex «Nutri-prof» (version 2.4). We conducted anthropometric studies, evaluated component analysis of body composition, studied biochemical parameters of nutritional status. According to the results of the work it is shown that the diets of the surveyed persons are excessive in calories (due to the content of fats, added sugar), in the content of table salt, contain insufficient amounts of a number of vitamins and minerals, diets are deficient in the content of fruits, vegetables, milk and dairy products, fish, excessive in the content of animal fats, confectionery. In the group of patients examined, the dietary regimen and nature were violated, a correlation was established between the actual intake of nutrients and the level of physical development, bioimpedance measurement, biochemical parameters of nutritional status, and the relationship between nutritional status and health was established. The obtained results formed the basis for the development of a program of individual prevention of alimentary-dependent diseases, as well as one in organized labor collectives.
40-43 290
Abstract
To decrease the toxic effects of xenobiotics on healthy workers in healthful and dietary meals, it's important to consider not only the proper diet intake of macro- and micronutrients, but protein quality in terms of essential amino acids. A study was conducted to evaluate nutritional value and amino acids content in the industrial workers diets of two metallurgical enterprises by calculation and laboratory methods. We found that set of healthful and dietary meals at the calculation stage do not comply with regulatory requirements for fats and carbohydrates by 34 and 16 percent, respectively. According to laboratory tests, from 57 to 68 percent of sets of healthful and dietary meals do not comply with regulatory requirements for proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The discrepancy in the data on the amount of determined nutrients between the calculated and laboratory methods may be due to calculation errors, shortage and quality of raw materials, as well as a limitation of methods for determining fat and carbohydrates. With a set of healthful and dietary meals workers can satisfy the almost daily requirement for the corresponding energy expenditures for some amino acids, however, the required amount of these amino acids in workers in contact with heavy metals has not been established. It has also been found that in diets of healthful and dietary meals, the ratio of tryptophan / lysine /methionine + cystine is violated towards an excess of tryptophan, whose deamination products are highly toxic. It is necessary to continue further investigation of ready-made diets of healthful and dietary meals for nutritional value and amino acid content in order to identify factors affecting the discrepancy within research results between calculation and laboratory methods, as well as establish adequate norms for amino acids intake in workers exposed to toxic substances.
44-50 318
Abstract
Development of bakery product variety for healthy eating is one of the actual tasks facing the modern food industry and science. A polycomposite mixture for rye-wheat bakery products was created using the software, which takes into account the basic principles of food combinatorics, as well as the technological potential of prescription components. A set of methods was used to determine the chemical composition of bread and its functional qualities. The study of health effects of bread on body's status was carried out on a group of female volunteers. Assessment of life quality was conducted a questionnaire-survey method using the SF-36 questionnaire «Test for evaluation of life quality». The results of the study showed that according to the chemical composition, the rate of satisfaction with daily requirements for basic nutrients a new bakery product corresponds to the category of functional food products on the content of calcium phosphorus, magnesium and dietary fiber. Introducing to the developed type of bread into the diet improves the quality of life due to a significant increase in mental health indicators and the level of physical functioning, which affects the psycho-emotional state and motor activity of volunteers.
51-55 392
Abstract
We analyzed the data of the Federal Information Fund for Social and Hygienic Monitoring on the obesity-associated morbidity of the population of the Russian Federation during the 2013-2017 period(children, adolescents, adults).Data assessment was carried out by the Federal Hygienic and Epidemiological Center of Rospotrebnadzor. About 40 subjects of the Russian Federation are included into the «risk areas» due to obesity-associated morbidity. An increase in the obesity-associated morbidity in adolescents by 1.3 times was noted, an increase in this indicator is predicted in this age category of the population, and the obesity-associated morbidity among children including aged 0 to 14 years with the first-ever diagnosis decreased by 2% in 2017. The implementation of the main directions of the national project «Demography» will allow us to determine the list of basic indicators for determining the dependence of the influence of adverse factors on the development of alimentary-dependent diseases, as well as form analytical and information panels of the Federal Information Fund for Social and Hygienic Monitoring on this issue.
OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE
56-61 259
Abstract
The paper presents results of occupational risk assessment connected with effect of the cooling microclimate at workers of a range of professions of modernised sites of metallurgical manufacture. Occupational risk depending on working conditions is categorized from negligible to high one. Impact of reduced air temperature authentically raised risk of development pathologies of respiratory organs, systems of blood circulation, digestion, a skin, visual and acoustical analyzers, musculoskeletal, urogenital and blood disorder pathology.
62-66 216
Abstract
Psychoemotional status of 37 individuals exposed to harmful working conditions was evaluated using a Russian formalized modified version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in order to identify the early nonspecific clinical effects of the adverse occupational exposure (hazard class 3.2-3.4 according to P 2.2.2006-05). According to the results, 31 employees (83.8 %) have developed neurotic disorders. Among those, 14 subjects (38 %) had an illness anxiety disorder, 9 subjects (24 %) had an anxiety-depressive disorder, 8 subjects (22%) had a hysterical disorder. 6 subjects (16 %) had an accentuation of personality traits. Noise and vibration along with life / health threatening situations are known as adversely impacting psychological health. Since the sampling was done so as to rule out all not-work-related mental cases, we believe the identified neurotic disorders to be associated with problematic working environments
ISSN 2219-5238 (Print)
ISSN 2619-0788 (Online)
ISSN 2619-0788 (Online)