The article describes the working conditions of convicts involved in productions in penal colonies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Republic of Tatarstan, and presents the data of detection of diseases they have in in-depth medical examination. The target of the work is to study the impact of sanitary and hazardous working condi-tions in the colonies, located on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, the emergence of non-communicable diseases identified by the results of in-depth medical examinations of prisoners engaged in various industries. Sanitary and hygienic assessment of working condi-tions of prisoners in various industries was evaluated by a set of unfavorable factors of work-ing environment and labor process: noise, light and vibration level, content in the air of the working zone of hazardous chemicals, physical overload, working position, the presence of sensory load, monotony of work. Analysis of morbidity among prisoners showed that among those with temporary disability diseases in all industries the most common are acute respiratory infections and influ-enza, as well as diseases of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and nervous systems. As a result of in-depth medical examination of working prisoners revealed a high incidence of hypertension in the foundry workers, garment production and a machine shop. Analyzing the detection of diseases in-depth medical examinations according to the age found obvious increase with age incidence of hypertension. It was prove the connection of age and the number of cases of chronic bronchitis with increasing age. As a result of the data concluded that the sanitary and hygienic assessment of working conditions of prisoners, revealing a complex of unfavorable factors of working environment and labor process - the basis for the development of sanitary measures to optimize working conditions and the prevention of diseases among prisoners.

It is revealed that socio-economic factors have different impacts on women's health, namely on the pelvic organs in women of the towns and villages. Ultrasound examination and biochemical parameters of the liver show a greater number of diseases in rural women compared to urban. Strategic priorities in addressing identified challenges are improving medical care in rural areas, prevention and consultation of the rural population on the issues of gynecological diseases.

The object of this study was the energy demands of athletes in different periods of the annual cycle. The aim of the study was to determine the daily energy consumption of athletes (on the example of the hockey team), taking into account individual activity in different periods of the annual cycle, with the ultimate goal to identify the failure of averaged calculations carried out previously for athletes. In the article the technique of calculation energy expenses athletes using the clock readings of heart rate monitors. This technique is quite easy to use and in combination with the traditional method of calculation allows to simplify and specify the calculation of energy consumption at each stage of the annual training mesocycle. As a result of the survey, the main activities of the subjects with timing in each specific period of year cycle were identified, as well as hockey players provided data of their watches-heart rate monitors, at times of physical exertion of a certain intensity. In the study, we have used somatometry (measurement of height and weight), the obtained results were processed by methods of mathematical statistics. Further, according to the formulas, the values of the daily basic exchange and the value of the basic exchange per hour were determined. On the basis of calculations and data provided, the values of energy expenditure of hockey players in each stage of the annual cycle were calculated. The analysis of the obtained data revealed a significant difference in the readings of energy consumption in the competitive, training and recovery periods, which confirms the failure of the averaged calculations conducted earlier. This technique allows to individualize the calculations of this kind, and the accounting of the results, in turn, will create the possibility of adequate replenishment of energy consumption with the help of food ration.

Obesity is one of the most serious problems of the modern world, especially it is relevant for children. We studied the expediency of using M+2oR criteria as the upper limit of the body mass norm when developing norms for the physical development of the child population. We came to the conclusion that we should use M-1,0σR criteria as the lower limit and М+1,5σR as the upper limit during medical examinations of children.

The aim of the article was to study the peculiarities of the adaptation process to a comprehensive school in first grade pupils, at the same time started to study in organizations of additional education. Assessment of the course of adaptation carried out according to methodical recommendations of Ivanovo research Institute of maternity and childhood. The following indicators were studied: the level of emotional and behavioral reactions, «success» in the development of the school curriculum, the presence of neurotic reactions, the dynamics of body weight, the number of acute diseases, a comprehensive assessment of health status. The completeness of adaptation was judged by the following criteria: the absence of diseases and other health disorders, stabilization of emotional and behavioral reactions at a high positive level, the successful development of the school curriculum. Significant differences in indicators characterizing the course and completion of adaptation during the first year of study in children engaged in additional compared with students without extracurricular activities are revealed. Determined that training in institutions of additional education reduces the probability of successful learning curriculum and completion of adaptation to secondary school.

In the research, 13-17 year old adolescents born in Magadan Region underwent an active orthostatic test (AOT) to study changes of their heart rate variability (HRV) and autonomic reactivity (AR). Optimal values of HRV that corresponded to the range of 25th and 75th percentile were found to be significantly greater in vagotonia subjects than in normotonia ones and moreover as compared to sympathotonia subjects. The greatest number of reliable changes in HRV parameters was revealed in vagotonia adolescents between the 14 and 15-year-old groups. In the age-related dynamics, these features are associated with an increase in the influence of the autonomic regulation contour on the heart rhythm. HRV indices did not practically change under normo- and sympathotonia and no directed dynamics were observed. In response to AOT, only about 40 % of the examinees have an optimal level of reactivity with the balance of the ANS links. Adolescents with other types of ANS reactivity may be at risk with a high probability of adaptation disorders, which requires careful medical examination in their preventive care.

The comparative analysis of thyroid status of students with different intensity of the educational process was carried out. It is established that educational process was more intense at school with profound studying of profile subjects due to the lack of the area falling on one pupil, the increased and irrationally distributed educational and extra-curricular loading. More pronounced disorders of thyroid metabolism and a fourfold increase in the relative risk of antibody formation to thyroid tissues were revealed in students of «innovative» schools. Changes in the volume and structure of the thyroid gland were detected up to 3.6 times more often in school students with advanced study subjects than in children of secondary school. Reliable connections are established between the number of antibodies to thyroperoxidase, thyroid volume and the content of MDA and cortisol.

Results of the research of social and psychological adaptation of students of educational institution with the round-the-clock stay of Orenburg are given in article. It is shown that under the influence of a complex of adverse factors of the intra-school environment the level of social and psychological adaptation of students decreases that is shown by increase in the course of training of number of children with disadaptation in communicative and educational spheres, and characterized by emotional trouble, high level of uneasiness in usual life and in educational activity.

The state of health of the population living in the zone of influence of chemical production of Kazan is studied. The indicators of health of the population in the zone of influence of the enterprise are analyzed. The assessment of health risk from the effects of pollutant atmospheres-tion of air in accordance with the Manual R 2.1.10.1920-04. The priority polluting substances and priority groups of diseases characteristic for the studied territory are allocated: diseases of blood and hematopoiesis and respiratory organs. The priority list includes 40 substances, including 19 carcinogens. When ranked by the contribution to the total emissions of all pollution-complementary substances are distributed by hazard class. The greatest contribution to the total emissions is made by substances of the 3rd and 4th hazard classes (69.0 °%), that is, moderately and low-hazard. For priority pollutants (ethylene, carbon oxide, benzene, ethylene oxide, nitrogen dioxide) contained in the emissions of the studied production of organic synthesis, similar organs and systems are characterized, which suggests its significant contribution to the formation of health indicators under the influence of this list of emissions. On the basis of the obtained values of risks, the necessity of increasing the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone of the plant was confirmed, a program of laboratory control of air pollutants at the stationary station was developed.

It is important to conduct cytogenetic monitoring to assess the level and dynamics of the frequency of cells with genome damage in parents and their children, formed in response to the impact of aluminum. Material and methods. In dyads «mother - child», the content of aluminum in urine was determined and a morphological evaluation of changes in buccal epitheliocytes was carried out. Results. It was found that in children and adults the concentration of aluminum in urine was 6,8 times higher than in the comparison groups and up to 5,5 times the reference level. The content of aluminum in urine in children is 1,3 times higher than in adults. The concentration of aluminum in urine (more than 0,0065 mg/dm³) is justified as an exposure marker. In children with a concentration of aluminum in urine at a level of 0,032-0,040 mg/dm³ and higher, the indicator indicators of genetic disorders are: an increase in the frequency of multinucleated cells, an integral index of cytogenetic action, and the frequency of cells with karyorexis. In adults with an aluminum concentration in urine of 0,021-0,033 mg/dm³ and higher markers of genetic disorders is the increased frequency of micronucleated cells and cells with karyorexis. Conclusion. In the dyads «mother - child», the spectrum and degree of severity of deviations in the indicators of genetic disorders in children relative to those of their mothers is growing.

Sanitary and microbiological researches of a coastal surface water of the southern part of Lake Baikal (from the Listvyanka to the Tanghui) were conducted in June, 2017. Total number of bacteria varied over a wide range - from 0.93 million conducted up to 2:05 million cells/ml, with an average 1.41 ± 0.3 million cells/ml. Biomass of bacteria varied from 11.05 to 305.00 mg С/m³, with an average of 123.34 mg С/m³. Coastal waters of the southern site of Lake Baikal mainly had a beta-meso-saprobic status in June, 2017. The total microbial number was determined with the use of the test systems for the first time. The values of the total microbial number were less than 1 000 COU/ml and varied from 9 to 412 COU/ml. Innovative test systems Petrifilm are of great interest for rapid assessments of the sanitary and microbiological status of reservoirs directly in the field conditions.

The article presents an analysis of epidemiological situation on pseudotuberculosis and intestinal yersiniosis in the Russian Federation in 2004-2016, as well as the forecast of incidence rate for the medium term. Retrospective analysis of microbiological researches for enteropathogenic Yersinia performed by the Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor of Siberian and Far Eastern Regions is presented. The territories in Siberian Federal, North Western and Far Eastern Federal Districts with stably high level of morbidity were revealed. Insufficient usage of genetic diagnostic, the most effective and operative method (PCR) in practical laboratories of Rospotrebnadzor was determined. Various serotype and biotype spectra of Y. enterocolitica strains from different sources and the dominating Y. pseudotuberculosis genotype О:1Ь were detected.