Introduction: The issue of malignant neoplasms remains highly relevant in the Russian Federation, thus necessitating optimization of cancer care resource provision to align funding with population needs.

Objective: To analyze the volumes and funding of oncology care delivered in day hospitals of health facilities of the Tomsk Region within the territorial state guarantee program for free medical care to citizens in 2020–2024.

Materials and Methods: We analyzed the volumes and funding of cancer care in day hospitals of health facilities of the Tomsk Region based on data from the territorial program of state guarantees (2020–2024) and established correlations between them and the dynamics of care standards. Descriptive statistics and the Student’s t-test were used for data analysis.

Results: Over the study period, 41,240 cases were treated in day hospitals of the Tomsk Region with an average plan fulfilment of 101.9 % ± 5.9 %. The share of day hospitals in oncology care increased by 14.1 %. Care volumes concentrated in the regional health facility with its share rising from 66.2 % to 90.3 % (p < 0.001). District facilities systematically underperformed, while private ones exceeded targets by an average of 25.7 %. The standard of care per insured individual increased by 58.0 % (to 0.01096 cases per person). Funding for district facilities decreased by 3,139.5 thousand rubles, whereas private health centers received 545.4 million rubles, securing the second place in the funding volume.

Conclusion: Our findings confirm successful optimization of regional oncology service resources through the growing percentage of day hospitals, which enhances bed fund flexibility. The identified structural disparities were the dominance of the regional center and underperformance of district facilities.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health concern, driven in part by modern lifestyle changes and technological influences. The circadian rhythm–a biological clock regulated by factors such as light, sleep, hormones, and metabolism–plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and coordinating meal timing. When disrupted, it contributes to the development of metabolic disorders, including cardiovascular disease, neurological dysfunction, immune dysregulation, cancer, and poor sleep quality.

Objective: To explore the potential of circadian-based therapies–both lifestyle and pharmacological–as emerging treatment strategies for managing T2DM.

 Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. Only recent English-language peer-reviewed studies on non-pharmacological approaches (e.g., exercise, time-restricted eating, light therapy) and pharmacological agents (e.g., melatonin, berberine, orexin modulators, and clock-targeting compounds like REV-ERB and CRY agonists) were included.

Results: Circadian disruption has been shown to impair insulin sensitivity and glucose regulation. Interventions that restore circadian alignment–such as light therapy and meal timing–improve metabolic outcomes. Certain drugs, including melatonin and berberine, also exhibit potential by modulating clock gene activity and enhancing glycemic control.

Conclusion: Targeting the circadian system through lifestyle adjustments and chronopharmacology offers a promising approach to managing T2DM. Further studies are needed to clarify mechanisms, personalize treatment based on individual circadian patterns, and assess long-term effectiveness.

Introduction: High workloads and digitalization are the causes of stress that reduce the quality of life of health professionals. Employees approaching the retirement age require special attention.

Objective: To compare quality of life indicators in the pre-retirement age population working in healthcare and other sectors in the city of Yekaterinburg.

Materials and Methods: In 2025, an online survey was conducted in Yekaterinburg involving 156 physicians and 165 other specialists of pre-retirement age and using an adapted version of WHOQOL-BREF. Quality of life indicators were assessed by the domains of physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. The data were analyzed using standard descriptive and analytical statistics. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel.

Results: The survey showed that the physicians of pre-retirement age had lower scores across all domains than non-medical professionals. The number of those dissatisfied with their physical health was 2.8 higher than in the controls and they were 4.5 times more likely to report a lack of time for leisure activities. In terms of psychological health, the frequency of negative emotions exceeded that in the reference group by 67.9 %, and 30.7 % were dissatisfied with their work achievements. On the independence scale, low performance was thrice more common. In terms of social relationships, 23.1 % of the physicians were dissatisfied with their personal relations, and 34.6 % – with the support of friends and family. On the environment scale, doctors were more likely to be dissatisfied with their financial situation, transportation accessibility, and medical care.

Conclusions: Compared to the professionals working in other sectors, the quality-of-life indicators established among the medical doctors are lower across all the domains. This finding should be taken into account when developing measures aimed at improving the quality of life of physicians and solving the identified problems.

Introduction: Humanly Possible: Immunization for All – that was the theme of World Immunization Week 2024. Vaccination is one of the most successful public health interventions of all time, which has prevented significant health losses. This article provides a rationale for applying machine learning in the analysis of complex spatiotemporal relationships between vaccination coverage and measles incidence.

Objective: To analyze the impact of different vaccination factors on measles incidence using predictive models.

Materials and Methods: Panel data covering 85 regions of the Russian Federation from 1996 to 2022 were used in the study (over 2,200 observations). We applied cross-correlation, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, ARIMA, and CatBoost gradient boosting models. SHAP analysis was used for model interpretation.

Results: Cross-correlation analysis showed negative associations between current vaccination levels and incidence, as well as a delayed association between revaccination and incidence with a three-year lag. The OLS model demonstrated pronounced overfitting under conditions of multicollinearity among lagged predictors. The ARIMA model showed unsatisfactory predictive performance on the test set. On the independent test set, the CatBoost model demonstrated satisfactory predictive performance (R² = 0.529) and outperformed OLS and ARIMA in terms of generalization ability. According to the SHAP analysis, a three-year lag in revaccination and a one-year lag in adult vaccination coverage made the largest contribution to model predictions.

Conclusion: Application of CatBoost combined with SHAP analysis made it possible to identify nonlinear relationships between vaccination indicators and measles incidence and can be used for evaluation of regional immunization programs.

Introduction: Despite the active adoption of digital innovations in healthcare delivery, the acceptance of artificial intelligence in the medical community remains unclear.

Objective: To establish AI acceptance in colposcopy by surveying obstetricians and gynecologists.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional anonymous survey of 392 obstetricians and gynecologists in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region. The developed questionnaire included three sets of questions: the first set characterized the respondent’s profile; the second set comprised questions related to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology; and the third set of additional questions addressed the risks of adopting new technologies, including ethical and legal aspects.

Results and Discussion: We observed positive trends in obstetricians and gynecologists’ intentions to use artificial intelligence in their practice. At the same time, the analysis revealed a number of problems, including insufficient trust in AI-generated results, limited availability of equipment and technical support. Another issue of concern for healthcare professionals is the partial substitution of their functions. Furthermore, the majority of respondents (247 (63 %)) believe that the existing legal framework is insufficient for the safe practical AI use. Moreover, many respondents (292 (74.5 %)) believe that legal liability for artificial intelligence errors should lie with the healthcare facility and the software developer, while only one in five respondents (80 (20.4 %)) believes that liability should be shared.

Conclusions: This study is the first to provide a comprehensive assessment of the readiness of obstetricians and gynecologists to use artificial intelligence tools in colposcopy in the Russian Federation. It should be assumed that the level of hypothetical support for the adoption of innovations may be quite high but practical implementation is limited by infrastructural barriers and legal uncertainty.

Introduction: Operation of an industrial facility is accompanied by ambient emissions of pollutants that can negatively affect human health.

Objective: To determine the impact of emissions from a construction company on forming health risks to the local population with and without taking into account background ambient air pollution.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region, using data on the maximum permissible emissions of a construction industry enterprise. Calculations of pollutant concentrations at 40 sites selected in residential areas of the city were carried out using the “ECOcenter-Standard” software. Maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants were retrieved from sanitary regulations 1.2.3685–21. The health risk assessment was carried out according to Guidelines R 2.1.10.3968–23.

Results: Non-carcinogenic risk for acute inhalation exposure to inorganic dust containing 20-70 % of SiO2 was at the level of concern (1.167) in the Ordzhonikidzevsky District of the city. Given the background level of pollution, non- carcinogenic risk for chronic inhalation exposures to benzo(a)pyrene (4.540–10.400) was high at all sites. Chronic inhalation exposure forms an acceptable risk level (HI 1.184) at the first site. The remaining hazard indices at all sites correspond to the minimal risk. Background exposure to various pollutants poses moderate (HI 4.540–5.820) to high (6.490–10.400) levels of risk for the immune system. With the background pollution excluded, the total individual carcinogenic risk from industrial emissions was minimal and ranged from 6.42 × 10^–12 to 1.63 × 10^–9. It was at the acceptable level otherwise ranging from 1.08 × 10^–5 to 2.49 × 10^–5.

Conclusions: Ambient emissions from the construction industry enterprise do not have a significant impact on public health. Chronic background exposure to benzo(a)pyrene poses a high non-carcinogenic risk. Chronic background exposure to pollutants also poses moderate to high levels of non-carcinogenic risks to the immune system.

Introduction: Multiple occupational hazards persist in shipping, potentially posing the risk of diseases of the eye and adnexa.

Objective: To study the frequency and to assess risks of eye diseases in different occupational groups of employees of the Caspian Sea Oil Fleet and Marine Transport Fleet of Azerbaijan.

Materials and Methods: Results of periodic eye examinations of 1,787 employees of Marine Transport Fleet and 3,922 employees of the Caspian Sea Oil Fleet, both included in the Azerbaijan Caspian Shipping Company, conducted in 2021–2023 were analyzed using Microsoft Excel.

Results: The common feature for the Marine Transport Fleet and Caspian Sea Oil Fleet is that their workers have significantly more eye diseases than coastal service employees. The frequency of eye disorders in crew members of the Caspian Sea Oil Fleet ranged from 247.1 ‰ in other workers to 411.7 ‰ in boatswains, the difference between these groups being statistically significant (р = 0.01). The highet rates of eye diseases were observed in the crane operators (95 % CI: 337.9 – 543.8 ‰), boatswains (95 % CI: 332.1 – 491.3 ‰), mechanics (95 % CI: 362.5 – 436.9 ‰), and motormen (95 % CI: 334.1 – 450.2 ‰).

Conclusions: The rate of eye disorders detected during routine health checkups among employees of the Caspian Sea Oil and Marine Transport Fleets of Azerbaijan does not differ significantly. Compared with coastal service workers, the incidence of eye diseases is high among crew members of the Marine Transport and Caspian Marine Oil Fleets.

Introduction: The issue of reducing the academic workload of Russian schoolchildren is particularly relevant nowadays.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a method for hygienic optimization of the duration of homework.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over the course of two academic weeks, during which secondary school teachers calculated the hygienically optimal time for doing homework according to the proposed method. At the beginning and end of this period, 47 students in grades 5–8 were surveyed. The questions concerned their adherence to the daily routine and health complaints. The educational process did not change significantly during the study. Survey data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and the results were presented as absolute values and percentages with 95 % confidence intervals. The relative risk was assessed using principles of evidence-based medicine.

Results: Applying the method of calculating the optimal time for doing homework by teachers contributed to a decrease in its duration in 26 children (55.0 %). Indicators of daily regimen adherence also improved: the number of children walking two or more hours a day rose from eight (17.0 %) to 22 (46.8 %), that of schoolchildren falling asleep before 10 p.m. almost doubled, and the number of children having health complaints somewhat decreased.

Conclusion: Our findings show the expediency of teachers using the method for optimizing students’ homework to prevent overwork and related diseases typical of school age.

Introduction: Enterobiasis is one of the most common helminthiasis, especially among children. One of the reasons for the formation of foci of enterobiasis in children’s facilities is the ability of parasite eggs to remain viable on environmental objects, thereby maintaining the risk of infection.

Objective: To study the efficacy of disinfectants against E. vermicularis eggs with the determination of their viability by staining.

Materials and Methods: We took eggs of 15 E. vermicularis females for testing to determine the viability of pinworm eggs by means of staining with methylene blue in a lactic acid solution with caustic alkali. Within the experiment, we evaluated the efficacy of two chlorine-based disinfectants in a working dilution of 0.60 %, the active ingredient of which was the dichloroisocyanuric acid sodium salt (NaDCC 75.8 % and 84 %), against pinworm eggs. The results are presented as absolute values and percentages; comparisons were made using the Pearson’s χ² test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

Results: We observed high ovicidal activity of the disinfectants tested. The disinfectant containing 75.8 % of sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid as the active substance showed a pronounced effect with the death of 86.3 % and 62 % of pinworm eggs when added to the suspension and applied to the surface, respectively, while the disinfectant containing 84 % of the same active substance demonstrated the efficacy 84.4 % and 82.9 %. We also established that five minutes is the optimal time for E. vermicularis egg staining using a methylene blue working solution.

Conclusions: Methylene blue staining and determination of the optimal staining time for pinworm eggs helped evaluate the ovicidal efficacy of disinfectants. Analysis of the results revealed significant differences in the ratio of viable and nonviable E. vermicularis eggs between the samples treated with the disinfectants and their controls.