The paper presents long-term experience of interaction between practitioners of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service (until 2005) and Rospotrebnadzor (since 2005), the institutions of science for Rospotrebnadzor, Ural State Medical University in preparing graduates of a medical-preventive profile, starting from pre-university work with schoolchildren to the introduction of modern technologies of practice-oriented training of students, specialists post-graduate training of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service and Rospotrebnadzor.

We conducted a hygienic assessment of the chemical factors contribution of the production environment to the formation of carcinogenic risk of workers employed in the reverberatory and blast smelting of copper-containing ores, compared with autogenous processes. Inorganic arsenic compounds have been shown to be a major factor forming a carcinogenic risk in copper smelting. The greatest prognostic values of carcinogenic risk for similar professions of metallurgical shops are observed during reverberatory and blast smelting, rather than during bath smelting due to the difference in the equipment used. The main measure to reduce the carcinogenic risk of blister copper production should be the technical reequipment of smelters with the introduction of autogenous processes.

Hygienic assessment of working conditions in modern hydrometallurgical copper production has been carried out, the assessment in formation of carcinogenic risk of the workers employed in a hydrometallurgical complex of copper-containing ores in comparison with pyrometallurgical processes has been made. It is shown that in copper mining, the main factor causing a carcinogenic risk is inorganic compounds of cadmium and lead. The greatest predictive values of carcinogenic risk for metallurgical shops professions are observed in pyrometallurgical production, rather than in hydrometallurgical production, due to the difference in the equipment used. The main measure to reduce the carcinogenic hazard in obtaining cathode copper by the hydrometallurgical method should be the introduction of effective ventilation systems.

We estimated the prevalence and structure of skin diseases among workers employed in metallurgical enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region for the production of titanium and copper. The prevalence and nature of skin diseases in 528 workers employed at two enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region in the electrolytic production of copper and titanium were studied by means of periodic medical examinations. Skin diseases of various etiologies and pathogenesis were detected in 27.3 % of workers. Mycoses of feet and onychomycosis had the highest prevalence (19.3 % of the examined), and the prevalence among copper production workers was higher than among those employed in titanium production enterprises. Titanium production workers have higher morbidity of allergic dermatosis (1.7 % of those surveyed). Vascular skin lesions in the form of vascular spots, the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical significance of which remain unknown are detected in production workers previously involved in aluminum production at other enterprises. The presented data emphasize the importance of the development and implementation of preventive measures, early detection and treatment of skin diseases, improvement of the clinical examination system for workers in non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises.

The article presents in an experiment obtained principal results based on repeated low-level inhalation exposures of laboratory animals (white rats, outbred) to nickel oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of (23 ± 5) nm, 4 hours a day, 5 times a week for up to 10 months in a «nose only» installation. It was shown that non-specific body reactions to the action of NiO NPs include: diverse manifestations of systemic toxicity with a particularly pronounced influence on liver and kidney function, redox balance, damage to some areas of brain tissue, associated with proven movement of the nanoparticles themselves from the nasal mucosa along the olfactory tract; some cytological signs of probable development for allergic syndrome; paradoxically low severity of pulmonary pathology by pneumoconiotic type explained by a small chronic delay of nanoparticles in the lungs; the genotoxic effect of the organismal level, even at those low levels of chronic exposure, at which systemic toxicity is rather poorly. Along with that, NiO NPs also induce phase-stimulation of erythropoiesis, which is relatively specific for the toxic nickel effects.

We conducted a comparative assessment of the nickel oxide nanoparticles toxicity (NiO) of two sizes (11 and 25 nm) according to a number of indicators of the body state after repeated intraperitoneal injections of these particles suspensions. At equal mass doses, NiO nanoparticles have been found to cause various manifestations of systemic subchronic toxicity with a particularly pronounced effect on liver, kidney function, the body's antioxidant system, lipid metabolism, white and red blood, redox metabolism, spleen damage, and some disorders of nervous activity allegedly related to the possibility of nickel penetration into the brain from the blood. The relationship between the diameter and toxicity of particles is ambiguous, which may be due to differences in toxicokinetics, which is controlled by both physiological mechanisms and direct penetration of nanoparticles through biological barriers and, finally, unequal solubility.

We conducted a study among 7-11th grades students of secondary schools in Ekaterinburg by questionnaire method. The purpose was to study the lifestyle, hygienic literacy level and students competence in their own lifestyle assessment. The study group consisted of 5 984 students aged 12-18 years (2 704 boys, 3 280 girls). A high prevalence of behavioral risk factors among schoolchildren has been established: lack of sleep, low physical activity, high duration of self-preparation, reduced outdoor exposure, consumption of psychoactive substances and psychological discomfort. Schoolchildren are characterized by a low level of medical activity and hygienic literacy, lack of skills for self-assessment of lifestyle, and also low awareness of consumption consequences of alcohol, tobacco and narcotic active substances; conjugation between the specified problems and lifestyle of pupils is established. The prevalence of studied risk factors among girls is higher than among boys, the level of hygienic literacy and medical activity is also higher, but the awareness of the consequences of psychoactive substances consumption is lower. With age, the prevalence of most of the studied behavioral risk factors increases, the level of medical activity of schoolchildren decreases, but their ability to correctly interpret their lifestyle increases. It is necessary to improve school education programs aimed at preserving and promoting the students health, prevention of risky behaviors and the formation of healthy and safe lifestyle skills, increasing their effectiveness on the basis of a psychosocial approach that combines awareness-raising, the formation of values and skills.

The paper presents the sanitary-hygienic characteristics of the conditions for practicing mass sports in youth sports schools. 10 sports schools were examined, microclimate and lighting parameters were measured, medical and pedagogical observations were made on the organization of the training process. Results: children and youth sports schools are in demand among residents of Ekaterinburg. Moreover, given the overcrowded sections in a number of sports and the widespread use of rented premises for classes, the demand for these services far exceeds the opportunities available in the city. The existing sports base is developing, in a number of schools systematic repairs are being carried out, and modern sports equipment is being purchased. At the same time, the training process safety is not fully ensured in any of the schools surveyed. The main problems are an incomplete set of main and auxiliary premises, insufficient space of the premises, lack of conditions for the provision of medical care, defects in the floor covering or areas, violations of the air-heat, light modes, cleaning mode of the premises and drinking regime. The training process as a whole is organized rationally. However, in some kinds of sports, the training duration exceeds the permissible values and there is no proper control over the behavior of children by the coach.

The aim is to assess the current medical and social aspects of mortality due to digestive organs diseases on the example of the Sverdlovsk region. Methods are epidemiological analysis, expert, statistical. Results: mortality rate of the population from the digestive organs diseases in the Sverdlovsk region is characterized by growth dynamics from 71.9 per 100,000 population in 2012 to 83.6 in 2017 and exceeding the average Russian indicators. In the structure of total mortality this cause ranks fourth place (6.0 %o) in 2017. The mortality rate from the digestive organs diseases among men is 1.3 times higher than among women, the rural population is 9.1% higher than the urban population. In the age and sex composition of the deceased, the age of 30-69 years (69.2 %) prevails, men accounted for 52.3 %, and among the working age - 72.3 %, in the age of older able - bodied more women - 58.2 %. The structure of death causes is dominated by cirrhosis (33.6 %), alcoholic liver disease (13.8 %), intestinal vascular disease (12.7 %), gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer (12.2 %), pancreatic disease (9.6 %). At working age, 43.5 % died due to liver cirrhosis, 22.8 % - alcoholic liver disease, 12.8 % -pancreatic disease. Among persons at the age above the working age, the proportion of vascular diseases of the intestine is higher - 21.3 %, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer - 15.1 %. According to sociodemographic characteristics, persons with low social status prevailed among those who died of digestive system diseases: primary/secondary vocational education in 47.7 %, 43.5 % without vocational education; 77.5 % did not work at working age. With expert evaluation in 60.3 % of the medical death certificates, design and coding defects were detected.

This paper introduces the clinical and epidemiological analysis of human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis cases. We have established the efficiency and safety assessment of long-term courses of antiparasitic chemotherapy (APC) using albendazole. A new approach to the appointment of albendazole to patients with various forms of echinococcosis has been proposed.

We conducted the meta-analysis of morbidity by infections associated with giving medical care in hospitals of Russia. A total of 23 publications were included in the review, and random effects model by the maximum likelihood method was applied to summarize their results. High heterogeneity of sample estimates was revealed, which is apparently associated with different approaches to the identification and synthesis of cases. The highest morbidity rates were recorded among patients of emergency department and intensive care (353 ‰, 95 % CI = 268-439) and patients undergoing surgery on the abdominal organs (194, 163-224); infections of the bloodstream (36, 28-43 ‰), postoperative pneumonia (26, 22-31 ‰), PSI (purulent septic infections) of newborns (30, 27-32 ‰) and new mothers (23, 20-27 ‰) were less common.