We presented results in major scientific areas being developed in the North-West Public Health Research center throughout the 95-year history of its existence. Leningrad Institute for the Study of Occupational Diseases, which was established in 1924, have developed scientific bases for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of occupational diseases; created national school of industrial toxicology, developed procedure for hygienic regulation of harmful occupational and environmental factors in human environment. The stages of activity in the field of occupational pathology, occupational hygiene, industrial toxicology are reviewed. Currently, the research is underway to assess occupational and environmental risks to public health from exposure to harmful factors, and to improve measures to minimize them. Priorities for further development of scientific research are identified.

Overweight and obesity are the most common health disorders, closely related to the development of the lifestyle diseases. We studied the results of an in-depth survey of 1,220 employees of electrolysis and carbonyl nickel production. In addition to the clinical and functional examination, possible production and non-production causes of excessive development of adipose tissue in the form of overweight and obesity were analyzed. Obesity was detected in 18.3 % and overweight in 41.9 % of the examined individuals. We established that the development of obesity is influenced by the age and sex of employee, duration of work experience, the severity of work and low physical activity during free time.The risk of obesity is first increased at the age of 30-34 years (RR = 3.02; CI 0.95-9.64), and the formation of overweight is at the age of 45-49 years (RR = 1.67; CI 1,132.48). Obesity enhances the risk of circulatory (RR = 2.83; CI 2.16-3.71), the endocrine (RR = 3.23; CI 1.99-5.24), digestive (RR = 2,08; CI 1.47-2.94) and musculoskeletal (RR = 1.53; CI 1.33-1.77) diseases. No clinical significance of overweight has been identified. A comprehensive prevention of obesity, including correction of the diet and an adequate level of physical activity, is needed to reduce the risk of developing health problems among metallurgical workers of the Arctic.

Drivers of mining dump trucks are a group of highly qualified specialists whose training requires considerable time and financial costs. We investigate the working conditions, general and occupational pathology of the dump truck drivers of the open apatite mines in the Arctic. We carried out the analysis of working conditions and health status of475 dump truck drivers and 534 miners of other occupations of open apatite mines, as well as the information on the occupational pathology of that workers group in 2007-2017. It has been established that the typical feature of health disorders in the dump truck drivers is the frequent development of obesity (22.9 % of workers), and occupational pathology which is in most cases due to imperfect technological processes (67.3 %), leading to an increased severity of labor and exposure to whole-body vibration. The most prevalent occupational diseases of drivers are vibration disease (36.5 %), radiculopathy (25.8 %) and mono-polyneuropathy (20.1 %). The risk of occupational pathology among truckers is higher than that one for miners of other specialties: RR = 1.35; DI 1.04-1.74. Measures aimed at health preservation of dump truck drivers should include the correction of food and work regimes, the improvement of technological processes during the transportation of ore raw materials targeted at reducing the severity of labor and harmful effects of whole-body vibration.

The development of Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) in various industries and transport is an indicator of the relevance of the issue of professionally caused fatigue, the importance of which for the safety and health of shipbuilding workers has been poorly studied. The aim of the study was to characterize the effect of organizational, psychosocial, environmental and non-occupational factors affecting fatigue and health indicators of shipyard workers. There is an prevalence of the risk of severe fatigue among 8,8 ± 2,8 % of workers, 15,4 ± 7,2 % of foremen, 7,7 ± 7,7 % of engineers. The main fatigue causes are indicators of the labor regime and the working environment in workers and increased labor intensity, negative characteristics of functional duties and psychosocial climate, extra-curricular load in foremen. The risk of reducing the efficiency of workers, foremen and engineers due to their being at the workplace in a state of severe fatigue is 8-12 % of working time. The total deficit of rest formed during working hours and free time is the main source of risks of acute and chronic fatigue. The data obtained are the justification for the relevance of the introduction of FRMS to improve the efficiency, safety and reliability of labor processes in shipbuilding enterprises.

We studied the dynamics and structure of the incidence of some infectious and parasitic diseases in Chukotka (codes for 1CD-10 A00-B99) during the 2000-2017 period, the levels and structure of mortality due to some infectious and parasitic diseases. We used materials from the forms of federal statistical observation No. 2 «Information on infectious and parasitic diseases», No. 12 «Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of the medical establishment» and materials of Russian Federal State Statistics Service. The results of the monitoring indicate an increased incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases on the territory of Chukotka Autonomous District compared to Russia. Chicken pox prevails, acute intestinal infections (mainly of unspecified etiology) followed with a significant margin. There was a sharp increase in newly detected cases of active tuberculosis in Chukotka over the last 10 years. The incidence rate in Chukotka was in 4.2 times higher in 2018 than the average ones in Russia. We suppose that the real incidence rates, especially of parasitic diseases, are even higher. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the system of diagnosis, registration of these diseases, especially in rural areas, to develop adequate measures to manage the incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases.

According to the Russian regulatory documents, results of social-hygienic monitoring are provided to the state and local authorities to make management decisions aimed at improving the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population. It is advisable to use brief structured materials with a minimal amount of text, allowing to see the main risks to the health of the population living on a particular territory, and the ways of their formation. Social-hygienic data sheets of territories may become a form of informing the authorities. Date sheets are used as an additional planning tool for a differentiated approach to the selection and control of individual groups of facilities, depending on the current sanitary and epidemiological situation. Social and hygienic certification of territories and business facilities can be a promising and effective tool for solving problems of improving the state of environmental factors and public health, risk-based supervision, strategic planning. It is necessary to develop a monitoring system «information - actions of authorities - reduction of health risks» with subsequent analysis of the effectiveness of information, the degree of «response» to the information received.

The paper is devoted to the regulation of natural and artificial lighting, the harmonization of nighttime lighting requirements for residential and public buildings in order to prevent the total illumination of windows of residential buildings from outdoor lighting (from the roadway, dynamic video advertising lighting installations, etc.) with the current sanitary legislation and other industry regulatory and methodological documents. An optimization of a number of standards on the basis of scientific data is carried out.We calculated the maximum allowable brightness of advertising video screens. The materials of the study were laws and regulations of the Russian Federation. The obtained results will allow to avoid ambiguous interpretation and application of regulatory and methodological documents in practice.

We considered some hygiene reasons of the 7th subzone of aerodrome environs of civil aviation airport. It has been established that there is no method to assess the acute risk to public health from exposure to noise. This makes it difficult to determine the spatial quantity of the 7th subzone of aerodrome environs rationale for noise. A differentiated approach to the zoning of the 7th subzone of aerodrome environs to ensure sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, as well as for the rational urban zoning is justified. Proposals for the division of the 7th subzone of aerodrome environs by the degree of noise impact are presented. We presented proposals for rationing aviation noise near airfields by day, night and daily noise index. The prospects of revision of the existing methodological approaches to establishing the size of aerodrome environs on the basis of risk are determined.

Air quality in residential premises equipped with modern airtight windows and entrance doors causes public complaints. We discussed peculiarities of air quality changes in residential buildings resultingfrom large-scale use of window glass units, which are characterized by increased thermal resistance and high-quality insulation, used in modern residential construction. Regulatory and law documentation are analyzed. Advisability of using mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation in residential premises, as well as special inlet devices - ventilation valves, which ensure sufficient air exchange in the apartment, unlike currently used exhaust ventilation system with natural inducement, are substantiated. It is suggested to coordinate the requirements of current sanitary standards and rules for residential premises with the requirements of engineering regulatory documents.

The paper presents the analysis result of acoustic air pollution in the operation of municipal solid waste, incinerators and waste transportation. The list of hygienically significant noise sources is defined. Minimum distances to ensure compliance with the regulatory requirements for the noise factor are determined.We presented a list of possible measures to reduce noise levels from the activities of enterprises to landfill municipal solid waste, and the destruction of household waste on the example of incinerators. The requirements of hygiene regulations and rules on the need to organize a sanitary protection zone of standard landfills equal to 500 m coincide with the restrictions on the acoustic factor when using 8 or more units of powerful machinery. The acoustic parameters according to the regulatory requirements will be provided at a distance of about 300 m for small landfills for one, two maps, taking into account the movement of vehicles. With the organization of the Sanitary Protection Zone of incinerators equal to 1000 m, the acoustic parameters are not decisive.

The objects of this study are compact fluorescent lamps with an electronic ballast and the hygienic assessment of electromagnetic fields created by compact fluorescent lamps. As part of the work, the selection of samples of compact fluorescent lamps for the experimental study of electromagnetic fields was carried out. The background levels of electric and magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz and high-frequency range were measured. Experimental studies of the spectrum and intensity of electromagnetic fields created by compact fluorescent lamps were carried out with different variants of lamp placement (in a cartridge without a light armature, in a local lighting fixture, in general lighting fixtures - chandeliers). The study showed that compact fluorescent lamps equipped with electronic ballast create electromagnetic fields of radio frequency range in the surrounding space. The main frequency of radiation in the examined lamp samples ranged from 32 to 58 kHz. The intensity of electric fields created by compact fluorescent lamps may exceed the permissible level set for consumer goods.