Изменения в образе жизни и питании во время пандемии COVID-19: сравнительное исследование изменений привычек и последствий для здоровья

Введение: Пандемия COVID-19 существенно повлияла на повседневную жизнь, включая образ жизни и пищевые привычки. Данное исследование рассматривает эти изменения для понимания их влияния на модели поведения, связанные со здоровьем.

Цель: Изучить изменения в привычках курения, физической активности, режиме сна, пищевом поведении и приеме пищевых добавок во время пандемии COVID-19.

Материалы и методы: Проведено поперечное исследование с участием 400 респондентов для оценки их образа жизни и пищевых привычек до и во время пандемии COVID-19. Данные анализировались с помощью пакета программ SPSS 26 IBM, статистическая значимость определялась с помощью критерия хи-квадрат, критерия Макнемара и U-критерия Манна-Уитни.

Результаты: Установлено снижение доли респондентов с высокой интенсивностью курения с 11 % до 9,8 % и значительное увеличение доли лиц, ведущих малоподвижный образ жизни, с 44,3 % до 55,5 % (p < 0,001). Изменился режим сна: сократился недостаток и увеличился избыток сна. Изменения в питании характеризовались ростом доли респондентов, принимающих пищевые добавки, с 25,3 % до 41,8 % (p < 0,001) и повышением аппетита, что привело к увеличению веса у 48,3 % участников. Респонденты не всегда придерживались средиземноморской диеты, причём во время пандемии некоторые её аспекты соблюдались менее строго.

Выводы: Пандемия COVID-19 привела к значительным изменениям образа жизни и пищевых привычек, включая рост числа людей, ведущих малоподвижный образ жизни, изменение режима сна и рациона питания. Меры общественного здравоохранения должны быть направлены на поощрение физической активности, сбалансированного питания и рационального использования пищевых добавок. В будущих исследованиях необходимо изучить долгосрочные последствия этих изменений и потенциальные стратегии смягчения негативных последствий для здоровья.

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