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Retrospective Analysis of the Cholera Situation in the Donbass Region, Zaporozhye and Kherson Regions

https://doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2023-31-11-82-93

Abstract

Introduction: The review presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the incidence of cholera and the prevalence of Vibrio cholerae in environmental media on the territory of the Donbass Region, Zaporozhye and Kherson Regions.

Objective: To do a retrospective analysis of the cholera epidemiological situation in the Donbass Region, Zaporozhye and Kherson regions, and border areas during the seventh pandemic and to assess risks of importation and spread of the disease.

Materials and methods: We examined topical articles published in peer-reviewed journals and data of the Reference Center for Cholera Monitoring for 1970–2023. The SNP analysis used whole genome sequences of V. cholerae O1 strains, NCBI and ENA databases, UPGMA and ML algorithms, author’s software, and MEGA 5.

Results: We established historic cholera outbreaks in the Donbass Region (Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics, former Donetsk and Lugansk regions), Zaporozhye and Kherson regions caused by the infection imported from endemic countries and its spread by water and food. The highest cholera incidence rates were registered in the 1970s and 1990s; the most recent outbreak was documented in the year 2011. In 1989–2022, 490 V. cholerae O1 strains, including 51 toxigenic ones, were isolated from water bodies in the Donetsk People’s Republic (the former Donetsk Region), 8 strains (2) in the Lugansk People’s Republic (the former Lugansk Region), 183 (6) in Zaporozhye, and 66 (51) in the Kherson Region. Toxigenic strains represented a heterogeneous group due to multiple imports of the pathogen. We revealed similarity of genotypes of V. cholerae strains isolated from environmental media in certain areas over several years, which indicates the presence of climatic and social conditions for preservation and development of local populations of cholera vibrios.

Conclusion: The current cholera situation in the Donbass Region, Zaporozhye and Kherson regions is stable. Due to the present-day emergency and infrastructure conditions, high risks of cholera importation from endemic and adjacent territories and spread of this infectious disease through water persist, thus necessitating regular and systematic monitoring of cholera in these regions and strict implementation of all measures envisaged for type I territories in terms of epidemic manifestations of cholera.

About the Authors

A. Yu. Popova
Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России
Russian Federation

Anna Yu. Popova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head; Head of the Department of Organization of Sanitary and Epidemiological Service



A. K. Noskov
ФКУЗ «Ростовский-на-Дону противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора
Russian Federation

Aleksey K. Noskov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Director



E. B. Ezhlova
Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека
Russian Federation

Elena B. Ezhlova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Head



V. D. Kruglikov
ФКУЗ «Ростовский-на-Дону противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора
Russian Federation

Vladimir D. Kruglikov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief Researcher, Department of Microbiology of Cholera and Other Acute Intestinal Infections



L. V. Mironova
ФКУЗ «Иркутский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора
Russian Federation

Liliya V. Mironova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director on Scientific and Laboratory Diagnostic Work



E. V. Monakhova
ФКУЗ «Ростовский-на-Дону противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора
Russian Federation

Elena V. Monakhova, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Chief Researcher, Department of Microbiology of Cholera and Other Acute Intestinal Infections



O. S. Chemisova
ФКУЗ «Ростовский-на-Дону противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора
Russian Federation

Olga S. Chemisova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Acting Deputy Director for Scientific and Experimental Work



O. A. Podoynitsina
ФКУЗ «Ростовский-на-Дону противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора
Russian Federation

Oksana A. Podoynitsina, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Department of Microbiology of Cholera and Other Acute Intestinal Infections



Zh. Yu. Khunkheeva
ФКУЗ «Иркутский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора
Russian Federation

Zhanna Yu. Khunkheeva, bacteriologist, Cholera Laboratory



A. S. Vodopyanov
ФКУЗ «Ростовский-на-Дону противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора
Russian Federation

Alexey S. Vodopyanov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Naturally Occurring and Zoonotic Infections



Yu. P. Galachyants
ФКУЗ «Иркутский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора
Russian Federation

Yuri P. Galachyants, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Researcher, Department of Scientific and Educational Support



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Review

For citations:


Popova A.Yu., Noskov A.K., Ezhlova E.B., Kruglikov V.D., Mironova L.V., Monakhova E.V., Chemisova O.S., Podoynitsina O.A., Khunkheeva Zh.Yu., Vodopyanov A.S., Galachyants Yu.P. Retrospective Analysis of the Cholera Situation in the Donbass Region, Zaporozhye and Kherson Regions. Public Health and Life Environment – PH&LE. 2023;31(11):82-93. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2023-31-11-82-93

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ISSN 2219-5238 (Print)
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