Background: Introduction of the target indicator providing for a decrease in time lost from work due to illness or injury among the Russian workforce by the year 2030 can be interpreted as a guideline to increase contribution of the healthcare system to the total gross value added, since human health status determines the quality of the human resources of the country, thus affecting productivity and the prospects for economic growth.

 Objective: To review recent publications devoted to the use of sickness absence rates in healthcare management in foreign countries.

 Materials and methods: We reviewed the results of scientific research based on 58 foreign publications issued in 20192024 and found in the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar bibliometric databases using the following keywords: productivity loss OR absenteeism OR presenteeism AND economic evaluation.

 Results: We analyzed methods and approaches to assessing economic damages due to health-related productivity loss in the context of measures aimed at reducing sickness absenteeism, including multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs, behavioral therapy, stress reduction programs, educational sessions, counseling, physical training, multicomponent effects, etc. Online medical consultations for patients were found to be the most cost effective type of intervention. At the same time, programs for prevention and treatment of specific diseases demonstrated better efficiency than workplace wellness programs as they reduced absenteeism instead of increasing presenteeism, the economic damage from which was much higher. Thus, presenteeism is the major underestimated element accounting for indirect economic losses associated with morbidity in the workforce.

 Conclusions: Foreign scientists pay increasingly more attention to the problem of reduced productivity levels in those working while sick. Economic losses from presenteeism significantly exceed those from sickness absence, which requires the development of common evaluation methods and counteraction strategies, which are currently nonexistent in the Russian Federation. Given the high debt burden of the population and fears of job loss, it is unacceptable to ignore presenteeism.

Introduction: Public complaints to higher authorities serve as a dialogue between citizens and government agencies.

Objective: Based on the comparative analysis of health care appeals from the regional population compiled with a fifteen-year time interval, to investigate the development of this feedback channel between the patient and the healthcare system and to establish the main reasons for health care complaints.

Materials and methods: We examined and compared 4,536 health care appeals received by the Ministry of Health of the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2005–2006 and 32,982 appeals received in 2020–2021.

 Results: In 2021, the numbers of appeals and complaints were 7.3 and 4.0 times higher than in 2006, respectively. The percentage of complaints to total appeals decreased from 8.5 % in 2006 to 4.6 % in 2021. The most frequent complaints were those of outpatient departments (34.3 % and 41.2 %) and health care quality (24.2 % and 22.6 %) in the years 2006 and 2021, respectively.

Conclusions: The comparison of written health care appeals of the population filed with a fifteen-year time interval indicates the growing popularity of this feedback mechanism in communication between patients and health authorities. The proportion of complaints that are part of a total number of appeals increased but their reasons remained unchanged: health services in outpatient department (primary health care) and health care quality.

Introduction: Assessment of living conditions and the lifestyle, the quality of life and obstetric history of expectant mothers largely determines the health resource of their future children.

 Objective: To assess medical and social characteristics, obstetric history and the quality of life of pregnant women carrying a child with known health deviations.

 Materials and methods: The survey was conducted in 2023–2024 enrolling 854 pregnant women carrying a child with a known congenital abnormality. Their sociomedical characteristics and obstetric history were established using a specially developed questionnaire. The quality of life was assessed using the 36-item short form survey instrument (SF-36)  in comparison with pregnant women carrying a healthy child matched by age, marital status, and place of permanent residence.

 Results: The majority of pregnant women carrying a child with birth defects belonged to the age group of 35–39 years (49.2 %), were married (92.7 %), had higher education (78.7 %), were hired workers of commercial or budgetary organizations (57.4 %), had a moderate or high income (85.7 %), had no bad habits before pregnancy (85.5 %); 50.0 % of the respondents had a history of chronic diseases. Most women registered with the antenatal clinic before 12 weeks of pregnancy (89.0 %). We found that 43.3 % of the women were expecting the first child but only 34.4 % were pregnant for the first time. A history of abortions mainly associated with spontaneous termination of pregnancy (28.1 %) was reported by 46.6 % of the pregnant women. According to all scales of the SF-36 questionnaire, the quality of life of pregnant women carrying a child with health problems was lower than that of pregnant women carrying a healthy child, except for mental health indicators (70.8 ± 18.0 against 67.8 ± 15.9).

 Conclusion: The compiled sociomedical profile and the established characteristics of the quality of life of pregnant women carrying a child with a known health anomaly can be used to assess perinatal risks when planning pregnancy and when developing prevention programs for this group of childbearing women.

Introduction: Heat waves (HWs) are one of the most important atmospheric events that negatively affect human health. Studies show that HWs trigger many diseases causing an increase in hospital admissions, ambulance calls, and emergency department visits during HW periods.

 Objective: To analyze changes in drug sales in pharmacies during HW periods in order to determine human health effects of HWs and to establish the most affected chronic diseases based on calculated sales growth.

 Materials and methods: For this study, drug sales data were obtained from eight pharmacies located in different districts of Istanbul and classified according to the indications they contained. Meteorological data were obtained from the Istanbul Meteorological Directorate. HWs are defined as temperatures at a threshold of 90 % of daily maximum temperatures lasting for at least 3 or more consecutive days. Using this definition, it was determined that a 14-day HW occurred in Istanbul on July 12–26, 2023. In the analysis, pharmaceutical sales data between the 12th  and 26th  days of each month, April, May, and June, were used as a reference. Risk ratios were found by comparing the drug sales rate in the HW period with those in the reference periods. The significance values were calculated using the logarithmic Z test.

 Results: During the heat wave, the sales of eye drops increased by 104 %, cardiovascular and blood pressure medicines by 38 %, psychology and depression medicines by 37 %, respiratory and chest disease medicines by 17 %, and antihistamines by 12 %.

 Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that high temperatures triggered eye, chronic heart, psychological, and chronic respiratory allergic diseases, as shown by increased sales of drugs used to treat these conditions. The results of the study will guide future preventions to be taken against HWs.

Background: Implementing Integrated Primary Health Care (ILP) in Indonesia is critical for ensuring equitable and  long-term access to healthcare services, particularly in locations with varying socioeconomic and geographical  circumstances.

 Aim: Using a qualitative case study technique, this study looked at the important success elements impacting the Healthy Indonesia Program’s implementation in East Java and South Sulawesi.

 Material and method: Data were gathered from stakeholders such as policymakers, healthcare personnel, and community representatives.

 Results: The findings reveal two major themes: (1) the roles and impacts of District Coordinators (DCs) and Provincial Coordinators (PCs) in fostering inter-agency collaboration and providing guidance to healthcare providers, and (2) institutional strengths, such as policy advocacy, resource allocation, and cross-sectoral partnerships, that support effective ILP integration.

 Conclusions: This research emphasizes the necessity of regional adaptation, stakeholder participation, and institutional capability to achieve ILP effectiveness. It includes evidence-based recommendations to improve fair and quantifiable ILP implementation tactics across diverse areas in Indonesia.

Introduction: During training in military educational institutions, the health of cadets is influenced by a number of specific factors associated with military service. The consequence of this influence is an increase in prevalence rates among students and a decline in the quality of training officers for the Armed Forces of Russia.

 Objective: To assess the prevalence and dynamics of health status among cadets in the course of training in military educational institutions.

 Materials and methods: We observed prevalence rates in cadets aged 18–25 years studying at the Military Medical Academy (2018–2023). Data from medical records (n = 1,977; 1,768 males, 209 females) and the results of periodic health examinations (n = 5,722; 5,151 males, 621 females) were analyzed using Statistica 10 and Microsoft Excel.

 Results: We established that respiratory diseases prevailed among the cadets (> 52 %), followed by the diseases of the genitourinary system in females (13.8 % compared to 1.5 % in males). Diseases of the blood, hematopoietic organs, and certain immune-related disorders were detected in 6.9 % of the females, while no such disorders were registered in the males. The prevalence rate demonstrated an approximately threefold increase by the end of training – from 520.7 ‰ in the first year to 1,755.2 ‰ in the sixth year. By graduation, the proportion of cadets classified under Group I health decreased by 24.7 %, whereas that with Group III health increased ninefold compared to the start of training.

 Conclusions: The findings reflect a negative trend in prevalence rates among the cadets during training, thus indicating the presence of health risk factors in the educational process, social and living conditions. These factors require further study in order to develop effective measures aimed at maintaining and improving students’ health.

Introduction: To assess the efficiency of applying an industrial exoskeleton, it is necessary to study changes in the functional state of the human body when performing physical work using the device and, namely, the dynamics of energy expenditures.

 Objective: To evaluate energy expenditures when using an industrial exoskeleton in a work simulation.

Materials and methods: We tested the efficiency of applying an industrial exoskeleton in work activities, including lifting, moving and holding loads, by modeling them in laboratory conditions. In doing so, 12 volunteers were divided into two groups, which alternately performed production operations with and without the exoskeleton. Their condition was assessed by means of a medical examination and ergospirometry. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistica 10.0 and MS Office Excel 2019.

Results: The parameters of the cardiovascular system of the volunteers throughout the study were within the reference values and compliant with intensity of the physical activity. In the exoskeleton group, compared with the controls, we observed a statistical increase in the respiratory rate by 8 % after the first 30 minutes, by 17 % after 60 minutes, by 21 % after 90 minutes, by 12 % after 120 minutes, by 7 % after 150 minutes, and by 8 % after 180 minutes, as well as a decrease in values of the metabolic equivalent by 4 % after 60 minutes and by 6 % after 90 minutes, in the volume of inhaled oxygen by 6 % after 60 minutes and by 3 % after 90 minutes, and in the volume of exhaled carbon dioxide by 6 % after 150 minutes.

 Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the efficiency of applying the industrial exoskeleton to reduce workers’ energy expenditures when performing production operations similar to the work activities modeled.

Background: Algiers, like most cities in the world, suffers from the problem of ambient air pollution. Road traffic is the main source of atmospheric pollutants and fine particulate matter (PM) in urban street canyons, endangering the health of pedestrians. This phenomenon also depends on factors relating to site-specific conditions and morpho-climatic variables.

 Objective and methods: Our study aims to assess the correlation between the concentration PM and morpho-climatic parameters in two streets, located in the 19th-20th century urban fabric specific to the city, using in-situ measurements during the summer season and statistical methods.

 Results: The findings showed that canyon geometry and trees were the main factors affecting PM concentration in urban street canyons, compared to temperature, which acted as a secondary parameter.

 Conclusion: This study could serve as a guide for future urban planning by taking into account the morphological, microclimatic and roughness parameters of urban canyons when designing future urban projects in order to improve local air quality and protect human health.