Профилактика сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний на предприятии: систематический обзор

Введение. Первичная профилактика сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний на рабочем месте может иметь значимый эффект в снижении человеческих и трудовых потерь.

Цель: обобщить и систематизировать результаты научных исследований о влиянии профилактических мероприятий, организованных на рабочем месте, для снижения риска заболеваемости сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.

Материалы и методы. Систематический обзор научных исследований осуществлен на английском и русском языках в базах данных PubMed и Web of Science. Авторы отобрали 41 исследование, содержащее эмпирическую оценку эффективности профилактических программ на рабочем месте в краткосрочном и долгосрочном периоде. Результаты исследований систематизированы по типам интервенций.

Результаты. Образовательные программы имеют противоречивые признаки профилактического эффекта возникновения рисков ССЗ, ассоциированные с показателями крови и лишнего веса. Схожие результаты имеют комплексные программы по формированию здорового образа жизни, однако в программах, где физической активности отводилось особое внимание, наблюдается положительный эффект, проявляющийся в снижении рисков ССЗ. Программы повышения физической активности показывают значимый эффект на индикаторы, связанные с весом сотрудников, и позволяют улучшить показатели артериального давления, липопротеинов высокой плотности, общего холестерина, но эффект неустойчив во времени. Эргономические мероприятия и ротация смен не продемонстрировали надежных доказательств влияния на снижение риска ССЗ.

Заключение. Понимание эффективности профилактических программ поможет работодателям и государству определить необходимые действия для снижения ущерба, связанного с ССЗ, и принять правильные решения в области охраны здоровья и социальной защиты.

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