On Laser Radiation Safety during Cultural Events

Background: Hygienic assessment of laser radiation requires quantitative determination of on-site radiation parameters. Despite strict regulations, several incidents related to adverse health effects of laser radiation have been reported. Occupational health and safety professionals have accumulated significant experience in ensuring laser radiation safety. Hygienic assessment of laser equipment includes dosimetry, comparison of measured levels with maximum permissible exposures, and the elaboration of recommendations for reducing exposures in case of exceedances. Prevention of its harmful effects is based on appropriate organizational, engineering, sanitary, hygienic, and therapeutic measures. Technical measures are considered the most effective.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of collective and individual protective equipment against laser radiation based on hygienic studies safety during cultural events.

Materials and Methods: We measured the levels of scattered radiation from 20 single-color and multicolor projectors affecting performers and spectators. To assess the effectiveness of personal protective equipment, additional measurements of laser radiation were conducted using K10 and SZS22 optical filters.

Results: Our findings confirm the key thesis that spatial separation, i.e. increasing the distance from the radiation source, and avoiding direct exposure to the beam during laser shows remain the most effective protective measures for spectators and personnel. Our measurements demonstrated variability in the beam intensity drop, which makes the calculated model insufficient for assessing the true risk.

Conclusion: The results prove the importance of revising approaches to laser radiation health risk assessment in the entertainment industry. The assumed absence of a universal safe distance for spectators of laser shows and a comprehensive instrumental on-site monitoring of laser irradiance from projectors allow for an objective assessment of risk levels and ensure due protection of show participants.

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