Базовые санитарные условия и личная гигиена: факторы риска задержки роста в прибрежных районах Северной Суматры

Введение. Сокращение числа случаев задержки роста у детей является глобальным приоритетом общественного здравоохранения в рамках Целей устойчивого развития ООН и серьезным вызовом в Индонезии, где в 2022 году показатель распространенности составил 21,6 %, а в Северной Суматре – 13,9 %.

Цель исследования: изучить базовые санитарные условия и личную гигиену как факторы риска задержки роста детей младшего возраста в прибрежных районах Северной Суматры.

Материалы и методы. Данное поперечное количественное исследование проводилось в деревне Палух Сибаджи округа Делисерданг с участием случайно выбранной 141 из 375 местных женщин, имеющих детей младшего возраста. Для сбора данных использовались валидированные анкеты, листы наблюдений и осмотр основных санитарных условий и личной гигиены, с акцентом на доступность чистой воды (ее количество, качество, непрерывность и доступность по цене). Задержка роста определялась с помощью антропометрических измерений по стандартам Z-показателя ВОЗ.

Результаты. Распространенность задержки роста у детей составила 16,3 %. Анализ факторов риска выявил значимую зависимость между непрерывностью водоснабжения (ОШ 3,365, 95 % ДИ: 1,154–9,816, p = 0,026), наличием у семьи благоустроенного туалета (ОШ 4,272, 95 % ДИ: 1,240–14,720, p = 0,021), наличием очистных сооружений для сточных вод (ОШ 7,301, 95 % ДИ: 2,233–23,872, p = 0,001), тщательным мытьем рук между пальцами с мылом и проточной водой (ОШ 5,772, 95 % ДИ: 1,830–18,205, p = 0,003) и задержкой роста.

Заключение. Нарушение правил личной гигиены, ограниченный доступ к питьевой воде и отсутствие благоустроенных туалетов, очистных сооружений и управления отходами могут повысить риск задержки роста у детей младшего возраста в деревне Палух Сибаджи. Отсутствие очистных сооружений оказалось наиболее значимым фактором риска, что свидетельствует о важности улучшения санитарных условий в рамках комплексных стратегий профилактики задержки роста на местном уровне.

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