Cancer Mortality in the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass and Its Impact on Life Expectancy of the Population

Introduction: Malignant neoplasms are an important medical, social, and demographic problem, one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. In Russia, the proportion of cancer deaths has increased from 12.2 % to 16.1 % over the past 20 years.

Objective: To analyze mortality rates from malignant neoplasms and the reserves of life expectancy associated with cancer elimination in the population of the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted based on data of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Russian Birth and Mortality Database. A graphical and statistical analysis of mortality from malignant neoplasms in the Russian Federation and Kemerovo Region was performed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. Life expectancy was calculated using an indirect (demographic) method, elimination reserves and components of differences in life expectancy – using the component method.

Results: In Russia, the Siberian Federal District ranks first in terms of cancer mortality, and Kuzbass is one of its constituent entities. In 2022, the difference in life expectancy between men in the Russian Federation and the Kemerovo Region was 3.31 years, of which 0.46 years was the contribution of cancer mortality; in women these figures were 2.54 and 0.34 years, respectively. Elimination of cancer mortality could increase the life expectancy of men in the Kemerovo Region by 2.10 years and of women by 2.12 years. In men, the largest reserves are associated with malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs (0.47 years), stomach (0.18 years) and colorectal cancer (0.22 years), while in women, the greatest reserves are associated with colorectal cancer (0.31 years), breast cancer (0.31 years), and cervical cancer (0.20 years). These are the cancer types, the leading causes of which, along with environmental factors, are lifestyle behavioral risk factors.

Conclusions: In the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass, mortality rates from malignant neoplasms of all sites in the population of both sexes are significantly higher than in the Russian Federation as a whole, as well as those from cancer of the trachea, bronchi, lungs, and colorectum in men and women and from prostate cancer in men. Elimination of cancer mortality could contribute to an increase in life expectancy of the population of Kuzbass by 2.1 years.

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