Antibiotic sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 serogroups isolated from aquatic ecosystems

Introduction: The wide spread of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains resistant to antibacterial drugs and the variability of antibiotic resistance spectrum are of interest and require regional monitoring studies. Our objective was to accumulate basic information on the state of antibiotic sensitivity/resistance of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains isolated from water bodies in the city of Rostov-on-Don. Materials and methods: Water samples were taken at stationary sites of open reservoirs from May through September 2016-2018. We established sensitivity/resistance of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains to antibiotics recommended for emergency prevention and treatment of cholera by their serial dilution in Mueller-Hinton agar. Results: We found that representatives of O16 and O76 serogroups prevailed among 361 isolated V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains during the study period. Monoresistant phenotypes were represented by furazolidone-resistant strains. Conclusions: We established a statistically significant increase in the percentage of strains resistant to nalidixic acid (from 4.0% to 13.3%) and chloramphenicol (from 0.5% to 4.4%) in 2016-2018. Resistance to those two antimicrobial drugs was observed in more than one third of the strains. The most common phenotypes were cotrimoxazole/furazolidone and furazolidone/ampicillin. In 2016, the percentage of such phenotypes was 21.4% and 14.8%, in 2017 - 20.0% and 10.6%, and in 2018 - 20.0% and 15.5%, respectively. When analyzing the microorganisms isolated in 2016-2018 and sensitive to three or more antibiotics, we established significant differences indicating the growth of multidrug-resistant microorganisms belonging to V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 serogroups.

Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139, чувствительность, резистентность, мониторинг, антибактериальные препараты, Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 serogroups, sensitivity, resistance, monitoring, antibacterial drugs

1. Виноградова К.А., Булгакова В.Г., Полин А.Н. и др. Устойчивость микроорганизмов к антибиотикам: резистома, ее объем, разнообразие и развитие // Антибиотики и химиотерапия. 2013. Т. 58. № 56. С. 38-48.

2. Монахова Е.В., Архангельская И.В. Холерные вибрионы неO1/неO139 серогрупп в этиологии острых кишечных инфекций: современная ситуация в России и в мире // Проблемы особо опасных инфекций. 2016. № 2. С. 14-23.

3. Утепова И.Б., Сагиев З.А., Алыбаев С.Д. и др. Характеристика штаммов холерных вибрионов, выделенных на территории Казахстана // ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA. 2017. Т. 2. № 5. Ч. 1. С. 100-105.

4. Селянская Н.А., Веркина Л.М., Архангельская И.В. и др. Мониторинг антибиотикорезистентности штаммов холерных вибрионов неО1/не О139 серогрупп, выделенных из объектов окружающей среды в Ростовской области в 2011-2014 гг. // Здоровье населения и среда обитания. 2015. № 7 (268). С. 33-36.

5. Захарова И.Б., Водяницкаям С.Ю., Подшивалова М.В. и др. Молекулярногенетическая характеристика штаммов Vibrio cholerae nonO1/nonO139, выделенных из балластных вод судов и акватории портов Ростовской области // Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни. 2015. T. 20. № 3. С. 47-50.

6. Авдеева Е.П., Мазрухо Б.Л., Ишина Е.В. и др. Оценка метода серологической идентификации Vibrio cholerae не О1 // Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2001. № 4. С.75-78.

7. Березняк Е.А., Тришина А.В., Селянская Н.А. и др. Антибиотикочувствительность штаммов Vibrio cholerae nonO1/nonO139, изолированных из гидроэкосистем в 2016-2017 гг. в Ростове-на-Дону // Журнал микробиология, эпидемиология и иммунобиология. 2019. № 2. С. 87-91.

8. Григоренко Л.В., Кругликов В.Д., Мазрухо А.Б. и др. Холерные вибрионы неО1/неО139, выделенные в ходе мониторинга водоемов и стоков Ростова-на-Дону с 2009 по 2011 год // Проблемы особо опасных инфекций. 2013. № 4. С. 48-50.

9. Bassetti M, Pecori D, Peghin M. Multidrugresistant Gramnegative bacteriaresistant infections: epidemiology, clinical issues and therapeutic options. Ital J Med. 2016; 10(4):364375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2016.802

10. Curcio D. Multidrugresistant Gramnegative bacterial infections: are you ready for the challenge? Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2014; 9(1):2738. DOI: https://doi.org/10. 2174/15748847113089990062

11. World Health Organization. Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. Available at: https://www. who.int/antimicrobialresistance/globalactionplan/en/ Accessed: 17 Feb 2020.

12. World Economic Forum. Available at: https://www. weforum.org/events/worldeconomicforumannualmeeting2018. Accessed: 17 Feb 2020.

13. Delgado Gardea MC, Tamez Guerra P, Gomez Flores R, et al. Multidrugresistant bacteria isolated from surface water in Bassaseachic Falls National Park, Mexico. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016; 13(6):E597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13060597

14. Newton A, Kendall M, Vugia DJ, et al. Increasing rates of vibriosis in the United States, 1996-2010: review of surveillance data from 2 systems. Clin Infect Dis. 2012; 54(Suppl 5):S391-S395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ cid/cis243

15. Ottaviani D, Leoni F, Rocchegiani E, et al. Prevalence and virulence properties of nonO1 nonO139 Vibrio cholerae strains from seafood and clinical samples collected in Italy. Int J Food Microbiol. 2009; 132(1):47-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.03.014

16. Schirmeister F, Dieckmann R, Bechlars S, et al. Genetic and phenotypic analysis of Vibrio cholerae nonO1, nonO139 isolated from German and Austrian patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014; 33(5):767-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s1009601320119

17. Trubiano JA, Lee JY, Valcanis M, et al. NonO1, nonO139 Vibrio cholerae bacteraemia in an Australian population. Intern Med J. 2014; 44(5):508-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.12409

18. Siriphap A, Leekitcharoenphon P, Kaas RS, et al. Characterization and genetic variation of Vibrio cholerae isolated from clinical and environmental sources in Thailand. PLoS One. 2017; 12(1):e0169324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169324

19. Carraro N, Rivard N, Ceccarelli D, et al. IncA/C conjugative plasmids mobilize a new family of multidrug resistance islands in clinical Vibrio cholerae nonO1/ nonO139 isolates from Haiti. mBio. 2016; 7(4):e0050916. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.0050916

20. Mangat CS, Boyd D, Janecko N, et al. Characterization of VCC1, a novel ambler class A carbapenemase from Vibrio cholerae isolated from imported retail shrimp sold in Canada. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016; 60(3):1819-25. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1128/AAC.0281215

21. Hammerl JA, Jäckel C, Bortolaia V, et al. Carbapenemase VCC1-producing Vibrio cholerae in coastal waters of Germany. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017; 23(10):1735-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2310.161625

22. Meletis G. Carbapenem resistance: overview of the problem and future perspectives. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2016; 3(1):1521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2049936115621709

23. Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, et al. Multidrugresistant, extensively drugresistant and pandrugresistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012; 18(3):268281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.14690691.2011.03570.x

24. Baron S, Lesne J, Jouy E, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of autochthonous aquatic Vibrio cholerae in Haiti. Front Microbiol. 2016; 7:1671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/ fmicb.2016.01671