Религиозные волонтеры здравоохранения в Индонезии: восприятие, вызовы и общественные стратегии профилактики неинфекционных заболеваний

Введение. Рост заболеваемости неинфекционными заболеваниями (НИЗ) создает значительное многомерное бремя.

Цель исследования: оценить взгляды религиозных волонтеров здравоохранения (РВЗ) на их роли и компетенции, а также изучить барьеры и стратегии профилактики и лечения НИЗ на уровне общин.

Материалы и методы. Для проведения исследования с участием 41 представителя исламской женской организации (филиала «Айсии» в Кулонпрого, Индонезия) использовался последовательный объяснительный смешанный метод. Сбор и анализ количественных данных осуществлялся с помощью валидированного опросника COCS-N (Шкала компетенций в профилактике неинфекционных заболеваний) и непараметрических методов статистики, после чего было проведено качественное исследование с использованием открытых вопросов и тематического анализа.

Результаты. РВЗ в целом положительно оценивают свои роли и компетенции. Статистический анализ не выявил значимых различий между ними по возрасту, уровню образования, занятости или медицинской подготовке, хотя больший опыт был достоверно связан с более выраженным восприятием роли (r = 0,350, p = 0,025). Были обозначены четыре качественные проблемы: (1) барьеры на пути к приверженности сообщества здоровому образу жизни, (2) трудности с просвещением населения в вопросах профилактики и лечения НИЗ, (3) потенциальные стратегии профилактики НИЗ на уровне сообщества и (4) многогранная роль религиозных организаций в содействии укреплению здоровья населения в рамках исламской просветительской деятельности/прозелитизма. К числу барьеров относились низкая осведомленность, стигматизация, культурные обычаи и социально-экономические ограничения, в то время как стратегии делали упор на персонализированное образование, вовлечение мужчин, участие сообщества и межсекторальное сотрудничество.

Выводы. Религиозные волонтеры здравоохранения обладают уникальными возможностями в плане укрепления официальных систем здравоохранения путем сочетания пропаганды здорового образа жизни с религиозной мотивацией, что способствует устойчивости и принятию обществом. Укрепление их потенциала и интеграция в национальные программы могли бы повысить эффективность профилактики неинфекционных заболеваний в Индонезии и послужить примером для других стран с религиозными традициями и ограниченными ресурсами.

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