Study of the Sanitary Condition of Environmental Objects in the Russian Federation and the Degree of Their Contamination with Enterobius vermicularis Eggs Based on the Results of Parasitological Monitoring

Introduction: Enterobiasis caused by pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis) is the most common parasitic disease in Russia and a significant public health challenge.

 Objective: To study the sanitary condition of environmental objects in the Russian Federation and the degree of their contamination with Enterobius vermicularis eggs based on the results of parasite monitoring conducted in 2010–2024.

 Materials and methods: We did a retrospective epidemiological analysis of data collected using Form No. 2-22, Information on activities of environmental quality, microbiological and parasitological laboratories of federal budgetary healthcare institutions – centers of hygiene and epidemiology, for 2010–2024. The level of contamination of environmental objects with Enterobius vermicularis eggs and the level of availability of parasitological samples (per 1,000 tests or ‰) were calculated. Using the least squares method and time series alignment, we determined long-term trends in environmental object contamination levels. The degree of trend expression was assessed using the indicators of the baseline and average annual growth/decline rate (%).

 Results: In 2010–2024, the detection rate of pinworm eggs decreased by 82 %, from 1.47 ‰ to 0.88 ‰. The level of availability of sanitary and parasitological samples decreased by 0.5 % annually. Contamination levels exceeding the national average of 0.92 ‰ were detected in the republics of Ingushetia (10.61 ‰), Chechnya (2.66 ‰), Dagestan (2.66 ‰), Stavropol Krai (4.80 ‰), and some other regions. A high level of contamination with pinworm eggs was registered in swimming pool water (1.76 ‰), wastewater and its residues (1.12 ‰), and wipe samples (1.02 ‰). The lowest levels were observed in decentralized water supply (0.23 ‰). Since 2020, the percentage of Russian regions where enterobiasis pathogens were not found during parasitological monitoring has significantly increased from 14 % to 40 %.

Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of continuing parasitological monitoring and improving preventive measures to keep reducing the level of contamination of environmental objects with the causative agent of enterobiasis.

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