Влияние основных загрязнителей атмосферного воздуха на число случаев падения, страх падения и нарушение равновесия у пожилых людей в Юго-Западном Иране

Введение. Юго-запад Ирана является одним из самых загрязненных регионов мира. Риски для здоровья, свя­занные с загрязнением воздуха, являются глобальной проблемой, в особенности для пожилого населения. Данные о влиянии загрязнения атмосферного воздуха на случаи падения пожилых людей были в значительной степени упущены из виду, в связи с чем целью данного исследования было установить, как именно загрязняющие вещества влияют на число случаев падения, страх падения и нарушение равновесия у пожилых людей.

Методы. В настоящее поперечное исследование были включены все пожилые люди, проживающие в Юго­Западном Иране (140 215 человек), изучены их случаи падения, страха падения и нарушения равновесия, а также связь этих переменных с основными загрязнителями атмосферного воздуха. Статистические анализы проводились с помощью линейной регрессии, ANOVA и постфактум-теста Тьюки в IBM-SPSS v.28 и JAMOVI v.2.4.5.

Результаты. Были установлены различия между городами Шуштар и Абадан и городом Ахваз в отношении страха падения, однако они не были статистически значимыми и не влияли на частоту падений и нарушения рав­новесия у пожилых людей (p > 0.05). Из всех изученных загрязняющих веществ только SO₂, PM_2,5 и PM₁₀ оказывали влияние на страх падения. Значимые различия в концентрациях SO₂, NO₂, PM_2,5 и PM₁₀ наблюдались на протяжении всего года в городах Ахваз и Шуштар, а также в уровнях взвешенных частиц PM_2,5 и PM₁₀ в г. Абадан (p < 0,05).

Обсуждение и заключение: Результаты работы показали необходимость реализации политики в области здра­воохранения и принятия мер по охране окружающей среды в интересах уязвимых пожилых людей, проживающих в загрязненных регионах, включая юго-запад Ирана.

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