Оптимизация расходов при оказании медицинской помощи онкологическим больным: систематический обзор международных публикаций

Введение. Злокачественные новообразования представляют собой серьезную проблему не только из-за растущего уровня заболеваемости и высокой смертности, но и ввиду значительных финансовых затрат, как прямых (на диагностику и лечение), так и косвенных (потеря трудоспособности, инвалидизация, утраченные годы жизни и др.) Исследования, рассматривающие вопросы финансовых аспектов оказания онкологической помощи, направлены на изучение уже существующих подходов к вопросам финансирования, выявление новых тенденций и прогнозирование будущих направлений в этой области.

Цель исследования: сформировать направления оптимизации финансирования медицинской помощи онкологическим пациентам на основе анализа международных исследований, опубликованных в 2014-2024 гг.

Материалы и методы. Поисковый запрос публикаций в международной базе данных Web of Science проведен по дескрипторам: «oncology», «cancer», «healthcare», «medical care», «health care», «health system». Анализ 173 отобранных научных работ выполнен с помощью программы «Bibliometrix 3.0». В систематический обзор вошли материалы 39 наиболее релевантных статей, содержащих информацию о расходах на предоставление медицинской помощи онкологическим больным и способам их оптимизации.

Результаты. В большинстве стран мира расходы на лечение онкологических заболеваний составляют существенную часть от общего объема средств, выделяемых на здравоохранение. Исследователи предлагают различные подходы к снижению издержек на оказание помощи онкологическим пациентам. Выделены три ключевых направления международных публикаций, рассматривающих способы эффективного использования средств при оказании медицинской помощи: оценка затрат на лечение рака; изучение факторов, влияющих на стоимость лечения онкологических заболеваний, и оценка способов снижения стоимости терапии злокачественных новообразований.

Выводы. Определены основные стратегии и методы рационального использования финансовых средств в онкологии. Эти подходы могут быть адаптированы под конкретные условия и потребности различных лечебных учреждений, оказывающих медицинскую помощь онкологическим пациентам. Их реализация требует совместных усилий правительства, учреждений здравоохранения, профессиональных ассоциаций и общества в целом.

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