Social Determination of Health-Preserving Behavioral Patterns in Terms of Physical Activity of the Pre-Retirement and Retirement Age Population

   Introduction: Despite the importance of physical activity and its substantial impact on public health indicators, there are practically no studies on this issue in relation to older age groups, and no studies have been conducted on the influence of health determinants on physical activity indicators.

   Objective: To analyze the influence of social determinants on the indicators of physical activity of the population of preretirement and retirement age.

   Materials and methods: A questionnaire-based survey of 1,489 respondents of three age groups (45–59 years (preretirement age), 60–74 years, and 75 years and older (retirement age)) was conducted in December 2023 to January 2024. Age, sex, and educational level (high and low) were considered as social determinants. The statistical significance of differences was analyzed using the χ² test. The strength and direction of the correlation were evaluated using the coefficient of association (Ca), a nonparametric analogue of the correlation coefficient.

   Results: The self-assessed level of physical activity in men and women was approximately the same until the age of 74, and then decreased significantly regardless of the level of education. Yet, among people with a higher level of education, it remained high for a longer time (the proportion of the low level increased from 22 % to 48 %). The proportion of men with a very low level of physical activity was higher among men with a low educational status. When comparing subjective and objective assessments, we revealed a significant overestimation of self-rated high level of physical activity and underestimation of the prevalence of low physical activity (χ² = 4.02). The conclusions reached for men were also true for women, but the differences were less pronounced.

   Conclusion: Men and women with a higher level of education have higher self-assessed physical activity, which is also confirmed by objective characteristics.

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