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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-5-7-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-967</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОММУНАЛЬНАЯ ГИГИЕНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMMUNAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска нарушений здоровья от транспортных выбросов двигателей внутреннего сгорания: современное состояние проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health Risk Factors of Emissions from Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles: An Up-to-Date Status of the Problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1687-2244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моргунов</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morgunov</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моргунов Борис Алексеевич – д.г.н., директор, Институт экологии</p><p>Покровский бульвар, д. 11, стр. 2-Е, г. Москва, 101000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris A. Morgunov, Dr. Sci. (Geog.), Director, Institute of Ecology</p><p>11 Pokrovsky Boulevard, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bmorgunov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-0522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чащин</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chashchin</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чащин Валерий Петрович – д.м.н., профессор, Институт экологии; главный научный сотрудник; профессор кафедры профилактической медицины</p><p>Покровский бульвар, д. 11, стр. 2-Е, г. Москва, 1010002-я Советская улица, д. 4, г. Санкт-Петербург, 191036ул. Кирочная, д. 41, г. Санкт-Петербург, 195067</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valerii P. Chashchin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Institute of Ecology; Chief Researcher; Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine</p><p>11 Pokrovsky Boulevard, Moscow, 1010004, 2nd Sovetskaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 19103641 Kirochnaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 195067</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valerych05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-0941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудков</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudkov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гудков Андрей Борисович – д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой экологии человека</p><p>Троицкий пр., д. 51, г. Архангельск, 163061</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei B. Gudkov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Human Ecology</p><p>51 Troitsky Avenue, Arkhangelsk, 163061</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gudkovab@nsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6759-5481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чащин</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chashchin</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чащин Максим Валерьевич – д.м.н., старший научный сотрудник, Институт экологии; заведующий НИЛ арктической медицины</p><p>Покровский бульвар, д. 11, стр. 2-Е, г. Москва, 101000ул. Кирочная, д. 41, г. Санкт-Петербург, 195067</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim V. Chashchin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Ecology; Head of the Research Laboratory of Arctic Medicine</p><p>11 Pokrovsky Boulevard, Moscow, 10100041 Kirochnaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 195067</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">max.chashchin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-4594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попова Ольга Николаевна – д.т.н., д.м.н., профессор кафедры экологии человека</p><p>Троицкий пр., д. 51, г. Архангельск, 163061</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Popova, Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Dr. Sci. (Med.); Professor, Department of Human Ecology</p><p>51 Troitsky Avenue, Arkhangelsk, 163061</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">popova_nsmu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3335-4721</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никанов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikanov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никанов Александр Николаевич – к.м.н., руководитель клиники профессиональных заболеваний</p><p>2-я Советская улица, д. 4, г. Санкт-Петербург, 191036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr N. Nikanov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Occupational Disease Clinic</p><p>4, 2nd Sovetskaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 191036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.nikanov@s-znc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7334-6385</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томассен</surname><given-names>Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Thomassen</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томассен Ингвар – к.х.н., старший советник отдела химической и биологической рабочей среды</p><p>Pb 5330 Majorstuen, 0304 Осло</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yngvar Thomassen, PhD (Chem.), Senior Adviser, Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment</p><p>Pb 5330 Majorstuen, 0304, Oslo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yngvar.thomassen@stami.no</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИУ ВШЭ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИУ ВШЭ; ФБУН «Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Higher School of Economics; North-West Public Health Research Center; I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северный государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northern State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИУ ВШЭ; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Higher School of Economics; I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-West Public Health Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный институт гигиены труда</institution><country>Норвегия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI)</institution><country>Norway</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Моргунов Б.А., Чащин В.П., Гудков А.Б., Чащин М.В., Попова О.Н., Никанов А.Н., Томассен Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Моргунов Б.А., Чащин В.П., Гудков А.Б., Чащин М.В., Попова О.Н., Никанов А.Н., Томассен Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Morgunov B.A., Chashchin V.P., Gudkov A.B., Chashchin M.V., Popova O.N., Nikanov A.N., Thomassen Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/967">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/967</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Автомобильный транспорт с дизельными и бензиновыми двигателями внутреннего сгорания (ДВС), выбросы которых представляют актуальную медико-экологическую проблему, является одним из основных источников загрязнения атмосферного воздуха.Целью исследования является выявление по результатам систематического обзора приоритетных видов загрязняющих веществ в выбросах автотранспорта с двигателями внутреннего сгорания с целью определения общей стратегии по снижению связанных с ними неблагоприятных последствий для здоровья населения.Методы. Поиск релевантных публикаций осуществлялся по ключевым словам, размещенным в базах данных и информационных системах, в том числе таких электронных базах данных, как РИНЦ, КиберЛенинка, Scopus, WoS. Для анализа были выбраны научные работы, опубликованные за период 2000–2021 гг. По результатам целевого поиска выявлено 103 полнотекстовые публикации, из них 59 полностью соответствуют критериям включения в систематический обзор.Результаты. Показано, что выбросы ДВС в атмосферу представляют собой сложную агломерацию газов, паров и взвешенных частиц. Химические вещества, присутствующие в выбросах, нарушают кислородтранспортную функцию, подавляя тканевое дыхание, вызывают раздражение слизистых оболочек, проявляют мутагенное и канцерогенное действие, способствуют возникновению кислотных дождей и глобальному потеплению. Биологическое действие взвешенных в воздухе частиц во многом зависит от их размера. Установлено, что увеличение количества частиц с аэродинамическим диаметром менее 10 мкм в воздухе связано с риском воспаления эндотелия, тромбоза, повышения проницаемости клеток, метилирования ДНК. Показано, что увеличение концентрации в воздухе частиц размером менее 2,5 мкм на каждые 5 мкг/м3 приводит к увеличению смертности на 7 %. При этом риски дополнительных случаев смерти от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при воздействии этих частиц в 2 раза выше по сравнению с частицами большего размера (PM10).Заключение. Выбросы автомобилей с дизельными и бензиновыми двигателями внутреннего сгорания являются значительным фактором риска для здоровья населения. Эффективная стратегия предотвращения их неблагоприятного воздействия должна быть направлена на замену тяжелых углеводородных моторных топлив сжатым газом с использованием водородных элементов и электродвигателей для транспортных средств.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: Motor transport with internal combustion engines powered by diesel fuel and gasoline is one of the main sources of ambient air pollution since its emissions pose an urgent medical and environmental challenge.The objective of the study was to identify priority types of pollutants from emissions of motor vehicles powered by internal combustion engines based on the results of a systematic review in order to substantiate the main preventive strategy to mitigate the associated public health adverse effects.Methods: We did keyword search for relevant publications in several electronic databases, such as the Russian Science Citation Index, CyberLeninka, Scopus, and WoS. Research papers published in 2000–2021 were selected for the analysis. Out of 103 topical full-text publications, 59 works met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review.Results: We observed that atmospheric emissions of internal combustion engines represent a complex agglomeration of gases, vapors, and particulate matter. The chemicals present in the emissions impair the oxygen transport function by inhibiting cellular respiration, cause irritation of mucous membranes, have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, contribute to the occurrence of acid rains and to global warming. The biological effect of airborne particles largely depends on their size. It has been established that an increase in the number of airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm is associated with the risk of endothelial inflammation, thrombosis, increased cell permeability, and DNA methylation. It has been also demonstrated that a 5 µg/m3 increment in ambient concentrations of fine particles (&lt; 2.5 μm) causes a 7 % increase in the mortality rate. At the same time, PM2.5 exposure-related risks of excess deaths from cardiovascular diseases are twice as high as those posed by exposure to PM10.Conclusions: Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts are a significant risk factor for human health. An effective preventive strategy should be aimed at replacing heavy hydrocarbon motor fuels by compressed gas using hydrogen cells and electric motors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>автомобильный транспорт</kwd><kwd>выбросы двигателей внутреннего сгорания</kwd><kwd>загрязнение воздуха</kwd><kwd>риск для здоровья</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>road transport</kwd><kwd>internal combustion engine exhausts</kwd><kwd>air pollution</kwd><kwd>health risk</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках исследовательского гранта (ID гранта: 075-15-2020-978).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared within the framework of a research grant funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Grant ID: 075-15-2020-978).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Монгуш А., Монгуш С. 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