sredobЗдоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСОPublic Health and Life Environment – PH&LE2219-52382619-0788ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-1-71-78sredob-787Research ArticleЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯEPIDEMIOLOGYТвердые бытовые, медицинские отходы и COVID-19 (обзор литературы)Solid Household and Medical Wastes and COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8196-3882ЖуравлёвП. В.ZhuravlevP. V.

Журавлёв Петр Васильевич – д.м.н., заведующий лабораторией санитарной микробиологии водных объектов и микробной экологии человека; профессор кафедры общей гигиены 

пер. Газетный, д. 119, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000; пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344022

Pyotr V. Zhuravlev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology of Water Bodies and Microbial Ecology of Humans; Professor, Department of General Hygiene

119 Gazetny Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344000; 29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022

niimicrodouble@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7234-6890КалюжинА. С.KalyuzhinA. S.

Калюжин Александр Сергеевич – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории санитарной микробиологии водных объектов и микробной экологии человека

пер. Газетный, д. 119, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000

Alexander S. Kalyuzhin, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology of Water Bodies and Microbial Ecology of Humans  

119 Gazetny Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344000

o.t.t.o.94@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1385АлексанинаН. В.AleksaninaN. V.

Алексанина Наталья Владимировна – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории санитарной микробиологии водных объектов и микробной экологии человека

пер. Газетный, д. 119, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000

Natalya V. Aleksanina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology of Water Bodies and Microbial Ecology of Humans

119 Gazetny Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344000

nataly10_09@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6778-4426КалюжинаМ. А.KalyuzhinaM. A.

Калюжина Мария Александровна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории санитарно-паразитологического мониторинга, медицинской паразитологии и иммунологии 

пер. Газетный, д. 119, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000

Maria A. Kalyuzhina, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Sanitary and Parasitological Monitoring, Medical Parasitology and Immunology

119 Gazetny Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344000

kulak.marya@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8535-2667ГапонМ. Н.GaponM. N.

Гапон Марина Николаевна – к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории санитарной микробиологии водных объектов и микробной экологии человека 

 пер. Газетный, д. 119, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000

Marina N. Gapon, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology of Water Bodies and Microbial Ecology of Humans

119 Gazetny Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344000

marina.gapon@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3912-0291ТвердохлебоваТ. И.TverdokhlebovaT. I.

Твердохлебова Татьяна Ивановна – д.м.н., директор; профессор кафедры эпидемиологии

пер. Газетный, д. 119, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000; пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344022

Tatyana I. Tverdokhlebova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Director; Professor,Department of Epidemiology

119 Gazetny Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344000; 29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022

niimicrodouble@yandex.ruФБУН «Ростовский научно-исследовательский институт микробиологии и паразитологии» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияRostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology; Rostov State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФБУН «Ростовский научно-исследовательский институт микробиологии и паразитологии» РоспотребнадзораРоссияRostov Research Institute of Microbiology and ParasitologyRussian Federation202221022022117178Copyright © Журавлёв П.В., Калюжин А.С., Алексанина Н.В., Калюжина М.А., Гапон М.Н., Твердохлебова Т.И., 20222022Журавлёв П.В., Калюжин А.С., Алексанина Н.В., Калюжина М.А., Гапон М.Н., Твердохлебова Т.И.Zhuravlev P.V., Kalyuzhin A.S., Aleksanina N.V., Kalyuzhina M.A., Gapon M.N., Tverdokhlebova T.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/787Введение

Введение. В данном обзоре рассмотрены эпидемиологические аспекты обращения с твердыми медицинскими отходами в период пандемии. Показана роль медицинского сектора в общемировом увеличении отходов и их влияния на загрязнение окружающей среды. Освещены современные методы противостояния биологической угрозе загрязнения твердыми бытовыми и медицинскими отходами, контаминированными возбудителем COVID-19.

Цель

Цель: анализ материалов, посвященных изучению изменения структуры и количества отходов в период пандемии с учетом особенности работы муниципальных служб в период пандемии.

Методы

Методы. Были отобраны и проанализированы научные работы за период 2020–2021 гг. по поисковым электронным базам данных (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, eLIBRARY и ResearchGate) согласно ключевым словам: COVID-19, медицинские отходы, экология, загрязнение пластиком. Из 97 найденных источников авторами было выбрано 55 с учетом ключевых слов. Для проведения данного анализа были использованы материалы 40 источников. Показано, что во время пандемии коронавирусной инфекции резко выросло производство медицинских и прочих одноразовых изделий. Помимо дополнительной нагрузки на экологическую обстановку при неправильной утилизации предметов, контаминированных COVID-19, повышается риск распространения коронавирусной инфекции. Многочисленными исследованиями подтверждена трехдневная жизнеспособность вируса COVID-19 на пластике, что предполагает потенциальное присутствие вируса в отходах и является важным для эпидемиологической оценки ситуации. Представлены разработанные в России и других странах меры по утилизации твердых бытовых и медицинских отходов.

Выводы

Выводы. Изложенные в обзоре материалы указывают на всеобщую экологическую проблему загрязнения окружающей среды твердыми бытовыми отходами (ТБО). Помимо дополнительной нагрузки на экологическую обстановку, повышается риск распространения коронавирусной инфекции при неправильной утилизации предметов, контаминированных COVID-19. В настоящее время во всех странах активно разрабатываются эффективные меры по утилизации медицинских отходов с созданием новых нормативов транспортировки ТБО и обеспечением безопасности персонала, работающего в муниципальной сфере во время пандемии. Обсуждены системы управления муниципальными отходами в разных странах и особенности работы муниципальных служб в условиях пандемии.

Introduction

Introduction: This overview provides information on epidemiological aspects of solid waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic. It describes the contribution of health care to the increase in the global waste generation and its impact on environmental pollution. It also highlights up-to-date methods of countering the biological threat of pollution with solid household and medical wastes contaminated by SARS-CoV-2.

Objective

Objective: To analyze publications on changes in the structure and amount of waste during the pandemic with account for the specifics of work of municipal services.

Methods

Methods: We searched for scientific papers published in 2020–2021 in electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, eLIBRARY and ResearchGate) using the following keywords: COVID-19, medical wastes, environment, and plastic pollution. Out of 97 sources found, we selected 55 papers taking into account the keywords and then reviewed 40 publications for this work.

Results

Results: We established that the production of medicinal and other disposable products increased sharply during the coronavirus pandemic. Apart from the additional burden on the environment due to improper disposal of contaminated items, the latter increased the risk of the disease spread. Numerous studies have confirmed the three-day viability of SARS-CoV-2 on plastics, which suggests the persistence of the virus on waste and is important for epidemiological assessment of the situation. This overview describes solid household and medical waste management solutions developed in Russia and abroad.

Conclusions

Conclusions: The review confirms the global problem of environmental pollution with solid household wastes. In addition to the increased burden on the environment, inappropriate biologically hazardous waste management and treatment pose the risk of COVID-19 spread in the general population. Effective measures for the disposal of medical waste are being developed around the world now. New standards of solid waste transportation and municipal personnel safety during the pandemic are being elaborated. The overview discusses the existing systems of municipal waste management in different countries and the specifics of work of municipal services related to the novel coronavirus disease.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.