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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-1-7-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-778</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ГИГИЕНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Катаракта как причина нарушения зрения: эпидемиология и организация хирургической помощи (по данным исследования «Ural Eye and Medical Study»)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cataract as a Cause of Visual Impairment: Epidemiology and Organization of Surgical Care (Based on Data of the Ural Eye and Medical Study)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-8883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикбов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikbov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бикбов Мухаррам Мухтарамович – д.м.н., профессор, директор</p><p>ул. Пушкина, д. 90, г. Уфа, Республика Башкортостан, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mukharram M. Bikbov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor; Director, Ufa Eye Research Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic ofBashkortostan</p><p>90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eye@anrb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6180-115X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исрафилова</surname><given-names>Г. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isragilova</surname><given-names>G. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исрафилова Гульнара Зуфаровна – врач-методист</p><p>ул. Пушкина, д. 90, г. Уфа, Республика Башкортостан, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulnara Z. Israfilova, Methodologist</p><p>90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">israfilova_gulnara@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3896-2630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гильманшин</surname><given-names>Т. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilmanshin</surname><given-names>T. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гильманшин Тимур Риксович – к.м.н., главный врач</p><p>ул. Пушкина, д. 90, г. Уфа, Республика Башкортостан, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timur R. Gilmanshin, Cand. Sci. (Med.); Chief Physician</p><p>90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timdoct@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2357-0968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайнуллин</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zainullin</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайнуллин Ринат Мухаметович – к.м.н., заведующий отделением витреоретинальной и лазерной хирургии</p><p>ул. Пушкина, д. 90, г. Уфа, Республика Башкортостан, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rinat M. Zainullin, Cand. Sci. (Med.); Head of the Department of Vitreoretinal and Laser Surgery</p><p>90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rinatmedical@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-6261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якупова</surname><given-names>Э. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iakupova</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якупова Эллина Маратовна – научный сотрудник отделения офтальмологической и медицинской эпидемиологии</p><p>ул. Пушкина, д. 90, г. Уфа, Республика Башкортостан, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ellina M. Iakupova, Researcher, Department of Ophthalmic and Medical Epidemiology</p><p>90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rakhimova_ellina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней Академии наук Республики Башкортостан»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Eye Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бикбов М.М., Исрафилова Г.З., Гильманшин Т.Р., Зайнуллин Р.М., Якупова Э.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бикбов М.М., Исрафилова Г.З., Гильманшин Т.Р., Зайнуллин Р.М., Якупова Э.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bikbov M.M., Isragilova G.Z., Gilmanshin T.R., Zainullin R.M., Iakupova E.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/778">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/778</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. На сегодняшний день катаракта является одной из основных причин обратимой слепоты и инвалидности по зрению. В области здравоохранения мониторинг показателей хирургического лечения катаракты имеет основополагающее значение для обеспечения всеобщего охвата населения услугами здравоохранения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценить распространенность слабовидения и слепоты, уровень охвата хирургическим лечением лиц, распространенность хирургии катаракты, факторы, препятствующие оперативному вмешательству по поводу данного заболевания.</p><p>Материалы и методы исследования. В кросс-секционном клинико-популяционном исследовании «Ural Eye and Medical Study», проведенном на базе Уфимского НИИ глазных болезней, приняли участие 5899 человек, из них 3400 человек сельского населения (57,6 %), 2499 – городского (42,4 %); мужчин – 2580 (43,7 %), женщин – 3319 (56,3 %), средний возраст: 59,0 ± 10,7 года (диапазон: 40–94 года). Статистический анализ данных проводили с использованием пакета прикладных программ IBM SPSS Statistics.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В ходе данного исследования выявлено, что распространенность двустороннего нарушения зрения в популяции составляет 6,4 % (95 % ДИ: 6,85–7,07 %). Основными причинами нарушения зрения явились катаракта (53,72 %), возрастная макулярная дегенерация (11,96 %), миопическая дегенеративная макулопатия (3,46 %), диабетическая ретинопатия (3,46 %), глаукоматозная нейрооптикопатия (2,66 %). Распространенность хирургии катаракты составила 6,1 % (95 % ДИ: 4,0–9,3 %). Низкие зрительные результаты после хирургии катаракты выявлены в 11,5 % случаев. Основные причины невысокой послеоперационной остроты зрения: ошибка рефракции (39,6 %), макулодистрофия (19,0 %), глаукома (15,5 %), помутнение задней капсулы (13,8 %) и диабетическая ретинопатия (12,1 %). Проведенный анализ показал, что охват хирургическим лечением лиц с катарактой при снижении остроты зрения лучше видящего глаза до &lt; 0,05; &lt; 0,1 и ≤ 0,3 составил 77,5; 65,3 и 39,8 % соответственно. Факторами, препятствующими своевременному оперативному лечению катаракты, явились: недостаточная осведомленность пациентов о необходимости хирургического лечения (36,1 %), трудовая или бытовая занятость (25,3 %), страх предстоящего лечения (16,8 %), сопутствующая соматическая патология (10,3 %).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты анализа показателей распространенности слепоты и слабовидения, обусловленных нарушением прозрачности хрусталика, и результатов хирургического лечения лиц с катарактой, факторов, препятствующих своевременному оперативному лечению в исследуемом регионе, способствуют совершенствованию оказания офтальмологических услуг и планирования программ оказания хирургической помощи лицам с данной патологией.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: Today, cataract is one of the main causes of reversible blindness and visual disability. In health care, monitoring of cataract surgery rates is fundamental to achieving universal health coverage.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To assess the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness, cataract surgical coverage and prevalence, and the factors preventing timely surgical intervention for this disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: The cross-sectional clinical population Ural Eye and Medical Study conducted on the basis of the Ufa Eye Research Institute in 2015–2017, involved 5,899 people, including 3,400 rural (57.6 %) and 2,499 urban residents (42.4 %), of which 2,580 (43.7 %) and 3,319 (56.3 %) were men and women, respectively (mean age: 59.0 ± 10.7 years (range: 40–94 years). Data analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics (USA).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: We established that the prevalence of bilateral visual impairment in the population was 6.4 % (95 % CI: 6.85–7.07 %). The main causes of visual impairment were cataract (53.72 %), age-related macular degeneration (11.96 %), myopic degenerative maculopathy (3.46 %), diabetic retinopathy (3.46 %), and glaucomatous optic neuropathy (2.66 %). The prevalence of cataract surgery was 6.1 % (95 % CI: 4.0–9.3 %). Poor visual outcomes after cataract surgery were observed in 11.5 % of cases. The main reasons for low postoperative visual acuity included the refractive error (39.6 %), macular degeneration (19.0 %), glaucoma (15.5 %), posterior capsule opacification (13.8 %), and diabetic retinopathy (12.1 %). The cataract surgical coverage of patients with a decrease in visual acuity of the better-seeing eye to &lt; 0.05; &lt; 0.1 and ≤ 0.3 amounted to 77.5 %, 65.3 %, and 39.8 %, respectively. The factors preventing timely cataract surgery were poor awareness of patients about the need for surgical treatment (36.1 %), being very busy at work or at home (25.3 %), fear of the upcoming treatment (16.8 %), and concomitant somatic diseases (10.3 %).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: The results of analyzing the prevalence of blindness and low vision caused by impaired transparency of the crystalline lens, outcomes of cataract surgery, and factors that impede timely surgical treatment in the study area, contribute to improvement of ophthalmology services and planning of surgical care programs to patients with these conditions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>популяционное исследование</kwd><kwd>охват хирургическим лечением</kwd><kwd>катаракта</kwd><kwd>слепота</kwd><kwd>нарушение зрения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>population study</kwd><kwd>surgical coverage</kwd><kwd>cataract</kwd><kwd>blindness</kwd><kwd>visual impairment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brian G, Taylor H. 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