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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-4-22-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-751</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRIC HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Риски ухудшения зрения и его прогрессирования у детей и подростков в современных условиях обучения и воспитания (научный обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risks of Visual Impairment and Its Progression in Children and Adolescents under Modern Conditions of Education and Upbringing: A Scientific Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3557-3867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубочкина</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubochkina</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгения Ивановна Шубочкина, д. м. н., главный научный сотрудник</p><p>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей»</p><p>лаборатория комплексных проблем гигиены детей и подростков</p><p>119296</p><p>Ломоносовский пр., д. 2, стр. 1</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenyia I. Shubochkina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief Researcher</p><p>Laboratory of Integrated Child and Adolescent Hygiene</p><p>111999</p><p>Bldg 1, 2 Lomonosovsky Avenue</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evshub@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2940-1855</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вятлева</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vyatleva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Алексеевна Вятлева, ведущий научный сотрудник, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей»</p><p>лаборатория комплексных проблем гигиены детей и подростков</p><p>119296</p><p>Ломоносовский пр., д. 2, стр. 1</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Vyatleva, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher</p><p>Laboratory of Integrated Child and Adolescent Hygiene</p><p>111999</p><p>Bldg 1, 2 Lomonosovsky Avenue</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgavyat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-7084</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Геннадьевна Блинова, д.м.н., профессор кафедры</p><p>ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет»</p><p>кафедра общей гигиены, гигиены детей и подростков</p><p>644099</p><p>ул. Ленина, д. 12</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena G. Blinova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department</p><p>Department of General Hygiene, Hygiene of Children and Adolescents</p><p>644099</p><p>12 Lenin Street</p><p>Omsk</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hygienebeg@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Минздрав России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Минздрав России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шубочкина Е.И., Вятлева О.А., Блинова Е.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шубочкина Е.И., Вятлева О.А., Блинова Е.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shubochkina E.I., Vyatleva O.A., Blinova E.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/751">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/751</self-uri><abstract><p>   Введение. В условиях активного внедрения цифровых технологий и средств обучения появляются риски развития нарушения зрения у детей и подростков как наиболее активной части пользователей цифрового пространства.   Цель: на основании анализа научных публикаций оценить риски появления и развития нарушений зрения у детей и подростков на фоне широкого внедрения цифровых технологий в повседневную жизнь и процесс обучения для выбора направлений профилактики заболеваний органов зрения и их прогрессирования.   Материалы и методы. Осуществлен научный обзор исследований на русском и английском языках с использованием информационных порталов и платформ eLIBRARY.ru, PubMed, Web of Science и Scopus за период 2007–2021 гг. Было отобрано 48 публикаций, содержащих доказанную оценку рисков появления и развития нарушений зрения у детей и подростков, связанных с временем использования цифровых технологий в обычных условиях и в период пандемии COVID-19 при необходимости особенно интенсивного использования дистанционных форм обучения.   Результаты. Показаны сочетанные риски роста нарушений зрения и костно-мышечной системы при нарушении гигиенических требований к организации работы учащихся при использовании различных гаджетов (освещенность, рабочая поза, расстояние до экрана, продолжительность). Оценены сопутствующие факторы риска ухудшения зрения, обусловленные дефицитом питания по обеспеченности аминокислотами, витаминами, преимущественно витамином D.   Заключение. Выделены группы повышенного риска ухудшения зрения по показателям состояния здоровья и интенсивности использования цифровой среды. Указаны основные методические и нормативные документы, использование которых позволит снизить риски нарушений зрения детей, подростков, студентов. Предложены актуальные направления исследований по теме обзора для сохранения зрения обучающихся.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Introduction: Intensive introduction of digital technologies and educational tools poses risks of visual impairment in children and adolescents as the most active users of the digital space.   Objective: To assess risks of visual impairment in children and adolescents in the context of active dissemination of digital technologies in education and everyday life based on a literature review in order to choose directions for pediatric prevention of eye diseases.   Materials and methods: We did a review of Russian and English language scientific literature published in 2007–2021, found on eLIBRARY.ru, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus information portals and platforms. We selected 48 articles containing an evidence-based assessment of risks of eye diseases related to e-learning and long screen time in children and adolescents, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown.   Results: We observed combined risks of visual impairment and musculoskeletal disorders due to violation of hygienic requirements for illumination, working posture, distance to the screen, and screen time when using various gadgets. Concomitant risk factors for eye diseases related to vitamin D deficiency were evaluated.   Conclusions: We identified groups at risk of visual impairment based on health indicators and the intensity of using the digital environment. We also specified basic methodological and regulatory documents, the compliance with which could reduce the risks of visual impairment in children, adolescents, and students, and proposed up-to-date directions of research on the topic of the review for maintenance of eye health.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор литературы</kwd><kwd>заболевания глаз</kwd><kwd>риски ухудшения зрения</kwd><kwd>гаджеты</kwd><kwd>цифровизация образования</kwd><kwd>дистанционное обучение</kwd><kwd>питание</kwd><kwd>школьники</kwd><kwd>студенты</kwd><kwd>регламенты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>literature review</kwd><kwd>eye diseases</kwd><kwd>risks of visual impairment</kwd><kwd>gadgets</kwd><kwd>digitalization of education</kwd><kwd>distance learning</kwd><kwd>nutrition</kwd><kwd>schoolchildren</kwd><kwd>students</kwd><kwd>regulations</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бантьева М. 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