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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">2219-5238/2021-29-12-64-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-736</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярно-генетический анализ возбудителей бактериальных пневмоний, ассоциированных с COVID-19, в стационарах г. Ростова-на-Дону</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular Genetic Analysis of the Causative Agents of COVID-19–Associated Bacterial Pneumonia in Hospitals of Rostov-on-Don</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0550-2221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носков</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Noskov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Носков Алексей Кимович – кандидат медицинских наук, директор</p><p>ул. М. Горького, д. 117/40, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey K. Noskov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Director</p><p>117/40 Maxim Gorky Street, Rostov-on-Don, 344002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noskov-epid@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-5307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попова Анна Юрьевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</p><p>ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, г. Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Yu. Popova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>2/1 Barrikadnaya Street, Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaf.orgses.rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-3231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водопьянов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodop’ianov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Водопьянов Алексей Сергеевич – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии природно-очаговых и зоонозных инфекций</p><p>ул. М. Горького, д. 117/40, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey S. Vodop’ianov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Natural Focal and Zoonotic Infections</p><p>117/40 Maxim Gorky Street, Rostov-on-Don, 344002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plague@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7178-8021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писанов</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisanov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Писанов Руслан Вячеславович – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лаборатории молекулярной биологии природно-очаговых и зоонозных инфекций</p><p>ул. М. Горького, д. 117/40, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ruslan V. Pisanov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Natural Focal and Zoonotic Infections</p><p>117/40 Maxim Gorky Street, Rostov-on-Don, 344002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plague@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4059-2878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чемисова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chemisova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чемисова Ольга Сергеевна – кандидат биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией «Коллекция патогенных микроорганизмов»</p><p>ул. М. Горького, д. 117/40, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Chemisova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory of Culture Collection of Pathogenic Microorganisms</p><p>117/40 Maxim Gorky Street, Rostov-on-Don, 344002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plague@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8287-4294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлович</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlovich</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлович Наталья Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией</p><p>ул. М. Горького, д. 117/40, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Pavlovich, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Tularemia Laboratory</p><p>117/40 Maxim Gorky Street, Rostov-on-Don, 344002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plague@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-1992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demina</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демина Юлия Викторовна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, г. Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Demina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>2/1 Barrikadnaya Street, Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-9891</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудуева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudueva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гудуева Елена Николаевна – младший научный сотрудник «Коллекция патогенных микроорганизмов»</p><p>ул. М. Горького, д. 117/40, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Gudueva, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Culture Collection of Pathogenic Microorganisms</p><p>117/40 Maxim Gorky Street, Rostov-on-Don, 344002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plague@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0840-4638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалев Евгений Владимирович – руководитель</p><p>ул. 18-я линия, д. 17, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny V. Kovalev, Head</p><p>17 18th Line Street, Rostov-on-Don, 344019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">master@61.rospotrebnadzor.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-8753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпущенко</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpushchenko</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпущенко Гарри Викторович – кандидат медицинских наук, главный врач</p><p>ул. 7-я линия, д. 67, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Garry V. Karpushchenko, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Chief Physician</p><p>67 7th Line Street, Rostov-on-Don, 344019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">master@donses.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Ростовский-на-Дону научно-исследовательский противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov-on-Don Anti-Plague Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Управление Роспотребнадзора по Ростовской области</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Office of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in the Rostov Region</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Ростовской области» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Rostov Region</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Носков А.К., Попова А.Ю., Водопьянов А.С., Писанов Р.В., Чемисова О.С., Павлович Н.В., Демина Ю.В., Гудуева Е.Н., Ковалев Е.В., Карпущенко Г.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Носков А.К., Попова А.Ю., Водопьянов А.С., Писанов Р.В., Чемисова О.С., Павлович Н.В., Демина Ю.В., Гудуева Е.Н., Ковалев Е.В., Карпущенко Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Noskov A.K., Popova A.Y., Vodop’ianov A.S., Pisanov R.V., Chemisova O.S., Pavlovich N.V., Demina Y.V., Gudueva E.N., Kovalev E.V., Karpushchenko G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/736">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/736</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Присоединение бактериальной суперинфекции на фоне COVID-19 является одной из основных причин, приводящих к более тяжелому течению болезни у пациента, повышению риска неблагоприятного исхода заболевания и, как следствие, увеличению времени пребывания в стационаре. В связи с этим большое внимание исследователей уделяется изучению генетических маркеров, позволяющих выявлять клональные связи между различными изолятами возбудителей бактериальных коинфекций, что в свою очередь позволяет дифференцировать внутрибольничные и внебольничные случаи заражения.</p><p>Цель – изучение генетического разнообразия и клональных связей A. baumannii и P. aeruginosa, выделенных от пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией в г. Ростове-на-Дону.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследовали биологический материал от 217 пациентов с диагнозом «внебольничная пневмония», находившихся на амбулаторном лечении или в стационарах г. Ростова-на-Дону. Полногеномное секвенирование штаммов A. baumannii и P. aeruginosa проведено на секвенаторе MiSeq (Illumina, США). Отбор SNP-маркеров проводили с помощью авторского программного обеспечения, написанного на языках Java и Python. Кластерный анализ и построение дендрограммы проводили с использованием авторского программного обеспечения по методу UPGMA. Для построения дендрограммы применена программа MEGA 5.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлен спектр этиологических агентов бактериальной природы, вызывающих развитие вторичной инфекции на фоне COVID-19. По результатам полногеномного секвенирования 10 возбудителей пневмоний, выделенных от пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией, выявлена клональность отдельных штаммов. Доказано внутрибольничное происхождение двух изолятов P. aeruginosa и двух – A. baumannii, в свою очередь анализ плазмидного состава подтвердил их внутрибольничное происхождение. Присоединение вторичной бактериальной инфекции у пациентов, находящихся на лечении, может быть обусловлено как патологическим развитием доминирующей микрофлоры слизистых верхних дыхательных путей, обеспечивающей нормобиоценоз у здоровых людей, так и несоблюдением в должном объеме принципов противоэпидемического режима и инфекционной безопасности в медицинских организациях в отношении инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведенный анализ позволил определить этиологическую структуру пневмоний, у пациентов с COVID-19. Данные полногеномного секвенирования с последующим биоинформационным анализом позволили выявить внутрибольничное происхождение ряда штаммов P. aeruginosa и A. baumanii.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: Hospital-acquired bacterial superinfections in COVID-19 patients are one of the main reasons of a severer course of the disease, a higher risk of adverse outcomes, and, consequently, a longer hospital stay. Much attention is, therefore, paid to the study of genetic markers enabling identification of clonal relationships between different isolates of the causative agents of bacterial co-infections, which, in their turn, help distinguish between hospital- and community-acquired cases of infectious diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To study the genetic diversity and clonal relationships of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Rostov-on-Don.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: We tested biological specimens from 217 in- and outpatients with community-acquired pneumonia in the city of Rostov-on-Don. Whole-genome sequencing of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa strains was performed using a MiSeq sequencer (Illumina, USA). SNP markers were selected using proprietary software written in Java and Python. Cluster analysis and dendrogram construction were performed using the author's software using the UPGMA method. The MEGA 5 software was used to build the dendrogram.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: We established the spectrum of bacteria causing the development of secondary infection associated with COVID-19. Results of the whole-genome sequencing of 10 pneumonia pathogens isolated from patients with the novel coronavirus disease revealed clonality of individual strains. The nosocomial origin of two isolates of P. aeruginosa and two of A. baumannii was demonstrated and confirmed by the analysis of their plasmid composition. Secondary bacterial infection in COVID-19 patients may be attributed to the pathological development of the dominant microflora of the upper respiratory tract mucosa, which provides normal biocenosis in healthy people, or non-compliance with basic principles of hospital hygiene and infection control precautions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: The research helped determine the etiological structure of pneumonia in patients with COVID-19. Whole-genome sequencing and the following bioinformatic analysis revealed the nosocomial origin of a number of strains of P. aeruginosa and A. baumanii.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>внебольничная пневмония</kwd><kwd>нозокомиальные инфекции</kwd><kwd>A. baumannii</kwd><kwd>P. 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