sredobЗдоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСОPublic Health and Life Environment – PH&LE2219-52382619-0788ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора10.35627/2219-5238/2021-29-11-67-75sredob-727Research ArticleКОММУНАЛЬНАЯ ГИГИЕНАCOMMUNAL HYGIENEГигиенические детерминанты психического здоровья городского населения: обзор литературыEnvironmental determinants of urban mental health: A literature reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3336-898XСиневаИ. М.SinevаI. M.

Синева Ирина Михайловна – к.б.н., доцент кафедры антропологии биологического факультета

Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12, г. Москва, 119234, Российская Федерация

Irina M. Sineva, Cand. Sci. (Biol.); Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology

Bldg 12, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation

i-sineva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4764-6792ХафизоваА. А.KhаfizovаA. A.

Хафизова Айнур Асхадовна – аспирантка кафедры антропологии биологического факультета

Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12, г. Москва, 119234, Российская Федерация

Ainur A. Khafizova, postgraduate student, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology

Bldg 12, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation

aya.khafizova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3085-1004ПермяковИ. А.PermyаkovI. A.

Пермяков Игорь Александрович – к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник кафедры физического воспитания и спорта

Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12, г. Москва, 119234, Российская Федерация

Igor A. Permyakov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Department of Physical Education and Sports

Bldg 12, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation

ipermyakov1960@yandex.ruФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»РоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation20210912202129116775Copyright © Синева И.М., Хафизова А.А., Пермяков И.А., 20212021Синева И.М., Хафизова А.А., Пермяков И.А.Sinevа I.M., Khаfizovа A.A., Permyаkov I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/727Введение

Введение. На сегодняшний день более половины населения Земли проживает в городах, и ожидается рост этого показателя до 68 % к 2050 году. Стремительная урбанизация, происходящая во всем мире, сопровождается значительными  экологическими, экономическими и социальными трансформациями, в частности касающимися здоровья населения.

Цель

Цель: обзор и систематизация данных, касающихся особенностей воздействия ряда специфических для городской среды  гигиенических факторов на психическое здоровье населения.

Результаты

Результаты. В настоящем обзоре на основании изучения публикаций двух последних десятилетий представлены данные о воздействии ряда специфических для урбанизированной среды факторов на психическое здоровье и благополучие городского населения. Рассмотрено влияние некоторых особенностей городской среды и разных видов загрязнения  (воздушного, светового и шумового). Основными последствиями их воздействия являются стрессовые реакции, нарушения сна, тревожные и депрессивные состояния, повышение риска манифестации и тяжести протекания психических  расстройств. В качестве механизмов, опосредующих психогенное воздействие рассматриваемых факторов, выступают  эндокринные и нейрофизиологические нарушения, оксидативный стресс.

Заключение

Заключение. Подчеркивается необходимость учитывать при анализе и оценке дифференциальной значимости различных условий городской среды другие виды факторов (социальные, бытовые, генетические, индивидуальные психологические и физиологические особенности). Представленные данные свидетельствуют о важности продолжения исследований влияния факторов урбанизированной среды на психическое здоровье людей, результаты которых могут быть  использованы в организации гигиенических мероприятий и разработке программ городского планирования.

Introduction

Introduction: More than half of the global population currently lives in cities; by 2050, this rate is expected to increase to 68 %. The worldwide process of rapid urbanization is associated with significant environmental, economic and social changes, particularly in public health.

The aim of the study

The aim of the study: review and systematization of data concerning the impact of a number of hygienic factors specific to the urban environment on the mental health of the population.

Results

Results: This review is based on articles published over the last two decades and provides an overview of urban environment-related risk factors for mental health and well-being of citizens. The studies reviewed give evidence of adverse health effects of environmental exposures to air, light, and noise pollution in the cities. The main consequences of their impact on mental health include psychological distress, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, an increased risk of manifestation and higher severity of mental disorders, all mediated by endocrine and neurophysiological disorders and oxidative stress.

Conclusion

Conclusion: The analysis and assessment of the differential significance of various environmental conditions of the urban environment require consideration of other factors, including social, household, genetic, individual psychological and physiological characteristics. Our findings indicate the importance of further research on the influence of urban environment on mental health, the results of which can be implemented in various hygiene practices and urban planning programs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.