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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2021-29-10-27-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-687</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гигиеническая оценка клавиатурного письма: биокибернетический подход. Сообщение I</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygienic Assessment of Digital Writing: A Bio-Cybernetic Approach. Report I</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0476-0969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хрaмцов</surname><given-names>П. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khramtsov</surname><given-names>P. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Храмцов Петр Иванович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией комплексных проблем гигиены детей и подростков</p><p>Ломоносовский пр., д. 2, стр. 1, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr I. Khramtsov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor; Head of the Laboratory of Complex Problems of Pediatric and Adolescent Health</p><p>Bldg 1, 2 Lomonosovsky Avenue, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pikhramtsov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2940-1855</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вятлевa</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vyatleva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вятлева Ольга Алексеевна – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории комплексных проблем гигиены детей и подростков</p><p>Ломоносовский пр., д. 2, стр. 1, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Vyatleva, Cand. Sci. (Biol.); Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Complex Problems of Pediatric and Adolescent Health</p><p>Bldg 1, 2 Lomonosovsky Avenue, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgavyat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6051-5231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вершининa</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vershinina</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вершинина Марина Германовна – кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель НИИ гигиены и охраны здоровья детей и подростков</p><p>Ломоносовский пр., д. 2, стр. 1, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina G. Vershinina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents</p><p>Bldg 1, 2 Lomonosovsky Avenue, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">labckb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-7946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фисенко</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fisenko</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фисенко Андрей Петрович – доктор медицинских наук, проф., заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, директор</p><p>Ломоносовский пр., д. 2, стр. 1, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey P. Fisenko, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation; Director </p><p>Bldg 1, 2 Lomonosovsky Avenue, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">director@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хрaмцов П.И., Вятлевa О.А., Вершининa М.Г., Фисенко А.П., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хрaмцов П.И., Вятлевa О.А., Вершининa М.Г., Фисенко А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khramtsov P.I., Vyatleva O.A., Vershinina M.G., Fisenko A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/687">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/687</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Внедрение в образовательный процесс цифровых технологий предполагает широкое использование клавиатурного письма и сокращение доли ручного письма. Вместе с тем исследования в области физиологии и гигиены письма свидетельствуют о важности письма рукой для развития и формирования мозговых функций у детей в процессе обучения. Потенциальные риски для развития детского организма, связанные с использованием клавиатурного письма и снижением доли ручного письма, требуют проведения научных исследований по гигиенической оценке клавиатурного письма. Однако отсутствие научно обоснованного методического подхода ограничивает возможности проведения таких исследований.</p><p>Цель исследования – разработать методический подход и провести тестовое исследование по гигиенической оценке клавиатурного письма на основе биокибернетического анализа биоэлектрической активности мозга.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для организации и проведения исследований разработан алгоритм, основанный на сравнительном анализе биоэлектрической активности мозга при клавиатурном и ручном письме. Система наложения электродов включала монополярные отведения по международной системе 10–20. Регистрация ЭЭГ проводилась с помощью компьютерного электроэнцефалографа «Нейро-КМ» («Статокин», Россия) с пакетом программ Brainsys для спектрально-когерентного и статистического анализа ЭЭГ. Программное обеспечение позволяло оценить топографию абсолютной мощности альфа-ритма в состоянии покоя, при ручном и клавиатурном письме, внутриполушарную и межполушарную когерентность альфа-ритма.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что мощность колебаний в альфа-диапазоне снижается при клавиатурном и ручном письме по сравнению с состоянием покоя. Снижение мощности альфа-волн, отражающих активацию коры, отмечается в более обширной области при ручном письме. При клавиатурном письме снижение альфа-волн установлено только в моторных и сенсомоторных отделах мозга. При ручном письме по сравнению с состоянием покоя значимо возрастало взаимодействие всех областей коры внутри обоих полушарий, при клавиатурном – только в одном.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что ручное письмо обеспечивается более сложной системой активации и взаимодействия областей коры мозга, чем при клавиатурном письме. Предложенный алгоритм может быть использован при проведении дальнейших научных исследований по гигиенической оценке клавиатурного письма.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: Introduction of digital technologies into the educational process involves the widespread use of keyboard typing and spending less time handwriting. At the same time, studies in the field of physiology and hygiene of handwriting show its importance for the development and formation of brain functions in children in the learning process. Potential risks for child development associated with regular typing and rare handwriting require proper hygienic assessment of the former. Yet, the lack of a scientifically based methodological approach is a strong limitation for such studies.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To develop a methodological approach and conduct a pilot study on hygienic assessment of digital writing based on a bio-cybernetic analysis of the bioelectrical activity of the brain.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: To arrange and conduct the research, we developed an algorithm based on a comparative analysis of the bioelectrical activity of the brain during typing and handwriting. Scalp electrodes were applied according to the International 10–20 system. EEG registration was carried out using a Neuro-KM computer-aided electroencephalograph by Statokin, Russia, with a Brainsys the intrahemispheric and interhemispheric coherence of the alpha rhythm. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: We established that the power of vibrations in the alpha range during digital and handwriting decreased compared to the resting state. Such a decrease reflecting activation of the cortex was noted in a more extensive area during handwriting. Typing decreased alpha waves only in the motor and sensorimotor areas of the brain. Compared to the resting state, handwriting significantly increased interaction between all areas of the cortex inside both hemispheres while typing did that in one hemisphere only. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Our findings indicate that handwriting is provided by a more complex system of activation and interaction of areas of the cerebral cortex than typing. The developed algorithm can be used for further research on digital writing. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клавиатурное письмо</kwd><kwd>ЭЭГ-исследования</kwd><kwd>биокибернетический подход</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital writing</kwd><kwd>EEG studies</kwd><kwd>bio-cybernetic approach</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байбородова Л.В., Тамарская Н.В. Трансформация дидактических принципов в условиях цифровизации образования // Педагогика. 2020. Т. 84. № 7. С. 22–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondakov AM, Sergeev IS. Comprehensive methodology for designing general education in the context of digital transformation. Pedagogika. 2021;85(1):5–24. 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