sredobЗдоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСОPublic Health and Life Environment – PH&LE2219-52382619-0788ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора10.35627/2219-5238/2021-29-8-21-25sredob-633Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ТРУДАOCCUPATIONAL HEALTHНеобходимые меры безопасности при работе с пестицидами в сельском хозяйствеNecessary Safety Measures in the Use of Pesticides in Agriculturehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-4693ЛипкинаЛ. И.LipkinaL. I.

Липкина Леонора Ильинична – канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела гигиена труда

ул. Семашко, д. 2, Московская обл., г.п. Мытищи, 141014, Российская Федерация

Leonora I. Lipkina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Department of Occupational Health

2 Semashko Street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation

lipkinali@fferisman.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1540-9189ИльницкаяА. В.IlnitskayaA. V.

Ильницкая Александра Васильевна – профессор, д-р мед. наук, главный научный сотрудник отдела гигиена труда

ул. Семашко, д. 2, Московская обл., г.п. Мытищи, 141014, Российская Федерация

Alexandra V. Ilnitskaya, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chief Researcher, Department of Occupational Health

2 Semashko Street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation

ilnitskayaav@fferisman.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-2450АртемоваО. В.ArtemovaO. V.

Артемова Ольга Валерьевна – младший научный сотрудник отдела гигиена труда

ул. Семашко, д. 2, Московская обл., г.п. Мытищи, 141014, Российская Федерация

Olga V. Artemova, Junior Researcher, Department of Occupational Health

2 Semashko Street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation

artemovaov@fferisman.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1631-8008ТарасоваЛ. С.TarasovaL. S.

Тарасова Лилия Станиславовна – научный сотрудник отдела гигиена труда

ул. Семашко, д. 2, Московская обл., г.п. Мытищи, 141014, Российская Федерация

Liliya S. Tarasova, Researcher, Department of Occupational Health

2 Semashko Street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation

tarasovals@fferisman.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-5686МихееваЕ. Н.MikheevaE. N.

Михеева Елена Николаевна – научный сотрудник отдела гигиена труда

ул. Семашко, д. 2, Московская обл., г.п. Мытищи, 141014, Российская Федерация

Elena N. Mikheeva, Researcher, Department of Occupational Health

2 Semashko Street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation

mikheevaen@fferisman.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1539-1633МасальцевГ. В.MasaltsevG. V.

Масальцев Глеб Викторович – научный сотрудник отдела токсикологии и гигиены среды

ул. Семашко, д. 2, Московская обл., г.п. Мытищи, 141014, Российская Федерация

Gleb V. Masaltsev, Researcher, Department of Toxicology and Environment Health

2 Semashko Street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation

masaltsevgv@fferisman.ruФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» РоспотребнадзораРоссияF.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of HygieneRussian Federation2021110920212982125Copyright © Липкина Л.И., Ильницкая А.В., Артемова О.В., Тарасова Л.С., Михеева Е.Н., Масальцев Г.В., 20212021Липкина Л.И., Ильницкая А.В., Артемова О.В., Тарасова Л.С., Михеева Е.Н., Масальцев Г.В.Lipkina L.I., Ilnitskaya A.V., Artemova O.V., Tarasova L.S., Mikheeva E.N., Masaltsev G.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/633Введение

Введение. Пестициды как биологически активные вещества при применении могут представлять опасность для здоровья работающих с ними, вызывать острые и хронические профессиональные отравления (заболевания). С пестицидами возможен контакт не только работающих в сельском хозяйстве, но также больших масс населения при применении их в личном подсобном хозяйстве (ЛПХ). Различные технологии применения пестицидов (наземное штанговое опрыскивание полевых культур, вентиляторное опрыскивание садов, авиационный метод опрыскивания полей и лесов, обработка теплиц, протравливание семян, фумигация зерна и складов, приготовление и применение приманок), требуют дифференцированного подхода к мерам безопасности при работе с ними. Меры безопасности при работе с пестицидами, на протяжении ряда лет разрабатываемые ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Эрисмана » Роспотребнадзора, с появлением новых видов препаративных форм и технологий, изменением нормативных документов требуют доработки.

Цель работы

Цель работы. Обосновать меры безопасности для работающих с пестицидами в условиях сельского хозяйства с учетом класса опасности препаратов, различных технологий и техники применения.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Были проанализированы нормативные и методические документы, данные собственных многолетних исследований, а также сведения, опубликованные в открытой печати по проблеме безопасного применения пестицидов в сельском хозяйстве.

Результаты

Результаты. Предложены меры безопасного применения пестицидов с позиции гигиены труда на основе соблюдения гигиенических регламентов обрабатываемых культур и правил их применения с учетом состояния используемой техники. Рекомендованы меры по профилактике острых отравлений пестицидами сельскохозяйственных работников, фермеров и пользователей.

Заключение

Заключение. Необходима разработка более подробного документа обобщающего требования гигиены труда и безопасности пестицидов для всех условий и технологий их применения.

Introduction

Introduction. Pesticides as biologically active compounds posing potential hazard to worker’s health may cause both acute and chronic occupational poisonings (diseases). Apart from the occupational setting, many people get exposed to pesticides during their use in personal subsidiary plots. Various pesticide application techniques, such as ground-based boom spraying of field crops, air blast spraying of gardens, aerial spraying of fields and forests, treatment of greenhouses, seed dressing, fumigation of grain and warehouses, preparation and application of baits, require a differentiated approach to precautionary measures. Safety use practices for pesticides developed by F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene in the past shall be revised to incorporate changes in formulations, techniques, and regulations.

Objective

Objective. To substantiate hazard-specific safety requirements for various pesticide application techniques and equipment in the agricultural industry.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. We analyzed regulatory documents and guidelines, results of our own long-term studies, and publicly available information on the safe use of pesticides in agriculture.

Results

Results. Based on our findings, we suggest measures for the safe use of pesticides complying with appropriate regulations for the processed crops and application rules and taking into account conditions of the equipment used. We also provide recommendations for prevention of acute pesticide poisoning for agricultural workers, farmers and users from the standpoint of occupational health.

Conclusion

Conclusion. It is important to develop a profound document summarizing occupational safety and health requirements for all pesticide use practices.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.