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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2021-29-7-76-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-600</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблема ДНК(РНК)-контаминации в лаборатории при проведении диагностики COVID-19 методом ПЦР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Problem of DNA/RNA Contamination in the Laboratory during PCR Testing for COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-5882</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волынкина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volynkina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волынкина Анна Сергеевна – канд. биол. наук, и.о. заведующего лабораторией диагностики вирусных инфекций</p><p>ул. Советская, д. 13–15, г. Ставрополь, 355035</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Volynkina, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Diagnostic Virology Laboratory</p><p>13–15 Sovetskaya Street, Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volyn444@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-784X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рязанова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryazanova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рязанова Алла Геннадьевна – канд. мед. наук, зав. лабораторией сибирской язвы</p><p>ул. Советская, д. 13–15, г. Ставрополь, 355035</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla G. Ryazanova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Anthrax Laboratory</p><p>13–15 Sovetskaya Street, Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anthraxlab.stv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2229-6570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Русанова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rusanova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Русанова Диана Владимировна – канд. мед. наук, зав. научно-производственной лабораторией препаратов для диагностики особо опасных и других инфекций</p><p>ул. Советская, д. 13–15, г. Ставрополь, 355035</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana V. Rusanova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Research and Production Laboratory of Preparations for Diagnosis of Highly Hazardous and Other Infections</p><p>13–15 Sovetskaya Street, Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dianarus2010@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-3949</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куличенко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulichenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куличенко Александр Николаевич – д-р. мед. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p><p>ул. Советская, д. 13–15, г. Ставрополь, 355035</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr N. Kulichenko, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p><p>13–15 Sovetskaya Street, Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kulichenko_an@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Ставропольский противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Волынкина А.С., Рязанова А.Г., Русанова Д.В., Куличенко А.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волынкина А.С., Рязанова А.Г., Русанова Д.В., Куличенко А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volynkina A.S., Ryazanova A.G., Rusanova D.V., Kulichenko A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/600">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/600</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. При проведении исследований клинического материала методом ПЦР на наличие РНК коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 в начале пандемии COVID-19 лабораторная служба в России и зарубежных странах столкнулась с проблемами точности диагностики, получением ложноотрицательных, ложноположительных и сомнительных результатов.Цель работы – анализ литературных источников по проблеме ложноположительных и сомнительных результатов исследования клинического материала на COVID-19 методом ПЦР.Материалы и методы. Для анализа отобраны российские и зарубежные статьи, посвященные вопросам организации лабораторной диагностики новой коронавирусной инфекции, проблемным вопросам лабораторной диагностики методом ПЦР SARS и MERS и общим проблемам ДНК-контаминации в ПЦР-лаборатории (2012–2020 гг.), а также действующие нормативно-методические документы, регламентирующие проведение лабораторной диагностики новой коронавирусной инфекции методом ПЦР.Результаты. Проанализированы факторы, приводящие к контаминации нуклеиновыми кислотами в лабораториях, выполняющих массовые исследования клинического материала молекулярно-генетическими методами на наличие РНК нового коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Основными причинами, способствующими возникновению контаминации, являются большие объемы исследований, накопление в лаборатории образцов клинического материала, увеличение количества отходов, содержащих продукты амплификации. Перекрестная контаминация происходит вследствие технических ошибок при выполнении лабораторных манипуляций на этапах пробоподготовки и обеззараживания материала, выделения РНК, внесения проб кДНК/РНК, положительных контрольных образцов в реакционную смесь. Загрязнение рабочих зон лаборатории ампликонами, возникающее при открытии пробирок и планшетов, содержащих продукты ПЦР, – главная причина тотальной контаминации в лаборатории. Признаками перекрестной контаминации являются увеличение доли положительных проб с низкими значениями порогового цикла и выявление положительного сигнала в отрицательных контрольных образцах этапов выделения и амплификации. Получение положительного результата для всех проб в постановке, включая отрицательные контрольные образцы, свидетельствует о «тотальной контаминации» в лаборатории. Помимо контаминации, к ложноположительным результатам анализа может приводить образование неспецифических продуктов ПЦР на поздних циклах реакции и неспецифическая флуоресценция реакционной смеси, возникающая при несоблюдении температурного режима хранения реактивов.Заключение. Для предотвращения контаминации в лаборатории, выполняющей исследования методом ПЦР, необходим строгий контроль соблюдения поточности движения исследуемого материала и медицинских отходов, регулярный анализ частоты положительных ответов, обязательное проведение внутрилабораторного контроля качества исследований и ДНК(РНК)-контаминации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. When conducting PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing of biospecimens for SARS-CoV-2 RNA at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the laboratory service in Russia and foreign countries encountered problems related to the accuracy of diagnostics and obtaining false negative, false positive, and dubious results.The objective of this work was to analyze current literature on the problem of false positive and dubious results of RT-PCR testing for COVID-19.Material and methods. We selected Russian and foreign English-language publications devoted to organization of laboratory diagnostics of the novel coronavirus disease, challenges of PCR testing for SARS and MERS, and general issues of DNA contamination in a PCR laboratory for 2012–2020. We also reviewed current regulations and guidelines for COVID-19 diagnostic testing.Results. The analysis of factors leading to contamination of specimens with nucleic acids in the laboratories performing massive COVID-19 PCR testing during the pandemic showed that the main reasons for contamination included a large number of tests, accumulation of samples in the laboratory, and the increased amount of wastes containing amplification products. Cross-contamination occurs due to technical errors in the course of laboratory manipulations at the stages of sample preparation and inactivation, RNA isolation, and addition of cDNA/RNA or positive control samples to the reaction mixture. Pollution of laboratory working areas with amplicons arising from the opening of tubes and plates containing PCR products is the main cause of total contamination in the laboratory. Signs of cross-contamination include the increase in the proportion of positive samples with low threshold cycle values and detection of a positive signal from negative control samples at RNA isolation and amplification stages. A positive result for all samples in a round, including negative control samples, is a marker of “total contamination” in the laboratory. In addition to contamination, formation of nonspecific PCR products at late reaction cycles and nonspecific fluorescence of the reaction mixture, which occurs when reagent storage temperatures are not observed, may also lead to false positive results.Conclusion. To prevent contamination in a PCR laboratory, strict control over the flow of test samples and medical wastes, regular analysis of the frequency of positive test results, and mandatory laboratory quality control of testing and DNA/ RNA contamination are compulsory.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>лабораторная диагностика</kwd><kwd>контаминация</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>RT-PCR</kwd><kwd>laboratory diagnostics</kwd><kwd>contamination</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено за счет базового финансирования ФКУЗ «Ставропольский противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted at the expense of basic funding of the Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu YJ, et al. 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