sredobЗдоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСОPublic Health and Life Environment – PH&LE2219-52382619-0788ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора10.35627/2219-5238/2021-336-3-84-90sredob-589Research ArticleЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯEPIDEMIOLOGYСпособность выживания возбудителя COVID-19 в водной среде (Обзор литературы)Survival Ability of the COVID-19 Causative Agent in Aquatic Environment: A Literature Reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8196-3882ЖуравлёвП. В.ZhuravlevP. V.

Журавлёв Пётр Васильевич – д.м.н., заведующий лабораторией санитарной микробиологии водных объектов и микробной экологии человека

пер. Газетный, д. 119, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000; пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344022

Pyotr V. Zhuravlev, D.M.Sc., Head of the Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology of Water Bodies and Human Microbial Ecology

119 Gazetny Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344000; 29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022

rostovniimp@rniimp.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7234-6890КалюжинА. С.KalyuzhinA. S.

Калюжин Александр Сергеевич – мл.н.с. лаборатории санитарной микробиологии водных объектов и микробной экологии человека

пер. Газетный, д. 119, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000

Alexander S. Kalyuzhin, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology of Water Bodies and Human Microbial Ecology

119 Gazetny Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344000

o.t.t.o.94@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6778-4426КулакМ. А.KulakM. A.

Кулак Мария Александровна – мл.н.с. лаборатории санитарно-паразитологического мониторинга, медицинской паразитологии и иммунологии

пер. Газетный, д. 119, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000

Maria A. Kulak, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Sanitary and Parasitological Monitoring, Medical Parasitology and Immunology

119 Gazetny Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344000

kulak.marya@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1385АлексанинаН. В.AleksaninaN. V.

Алексанина Наталья Владимировна – к.б.н., ст.н.с. лаборатории санитарной микробиологии водных объектов и микробной экологии человека

пер. Газетный, д. 119, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000

Natalya V. Aleksanina, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology of Water Bodies and Human Microbial Ecology

119 Gazetny Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344000

nataly10_09@mail.ruГапонМ. Н.GaponM. N.

Гапон Марина Николаевна – к.б.н., Ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории санитарной микробиологии водных объектов и микробной экологии человека

пер. Газетный, д. 119, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000

Marina N. Gapon, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology of Water Bodies and Human Microbial Ecology

119 Gazetny Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344000

marina.gapon@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3912-0291ТвердохлебоваТ. И.TverdokhlebovaT. I.

Твердохлебова Татьяна Ивановна – д.м.н., директор

пер. Газетный, д. 119, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000; пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344022

Tatyana I. Tverdokhlebova, D.M.Sc., Director

119 Gazetny Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344000; 29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022

niimicrodouble@yandex.ruФБУН «Ростовский научно-исследовательский институт микробиологии и паразитологии» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияRostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology; Rostov State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФБУН «Ростовский научно-исследовательский институт микробиологии и паразитологии» РоспотребнадзораРоссияRostov Research Institute of Microbiology and ParasitologyRussian Federation202121072021038490Copyright © Журавлёв П.В., Калюжин А.С., Кулак М.А., Алексанина Н.В., Гапон М.Н., Твердохлебова Т.И., 20212021Журавлёв П.В., Калюжин А.С., Кулак М.А., Алексанина Н.В., Гапон М.Н., Твердохлебова Т.И.Zhuravlev P.V., Kalyuzhin A.S., Kulak M.A., Aleksanina N.V., Gapon M.N., Tverdokhlebova T.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/589Введение

Введение. В настоящей работе представлен обзор научных данных зарубежных и российских исследователей о возможных местах обитания возбудителя COVID-19, сведений о путях распространения инфекционного агента SARS-CoV-2 и принимаемых мерах по борьбе с ним в водной среде.

Цель настоящего обзора – определить возможность и особенности распространения через водную среду возбудителя COVID-19 с учётом степени достоверности получен­ных результатов и соответствия научных исследований критериям доказательной медицины.

Методы

Методы. Были найдены и проанализированы научные работы по поисковым электронным базам данных (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, eLIBRARY и ResearchGate) согласно ключевым словам (COVID-19, wastewater, treatment facilities, river water). Из 109 источников авторами было отобрано 85 с учётом ключевых слов. После анализа избранной литературы в настоящий обзор было включено 55 источников в соответствии с темой работы.

Показано присутствие возбудителя COVID-19 в различных объектах окружающей среды: системах водоснабжения, сточных водах, поверхностных водах. Опре­делены методы детекции вирусных частиц SARS-CoV-2 на основе выявления штаммов других вирусов в объектах окружающей среды. Это позволило понять, что самостоятельное попадание вируса в экосистему происходит за счёт абсорбирования с различными фомитами. В обзоре представлены результаты работ, проведённых в ряде стран во время пандемии, подтверждающие присутствие возбудителя COVID-19 в речной воде. Часть исследований указывает на устойчивость вирусных частиц, присутствующих в объектах окружающей среды, к дезинфицирующим средствам, что, в свою очередь, определяет актуальность углублённых исследований с позиции обеспечения санитарно-проти­воэпидемического режима на станциях водоподготовки.

Выводы

Выводы. Проведённый анализ мировых научных исследова­ний по теме новой коронавирусной инфекции позволил установить способность вируса выживать в водной среде урбанизированных территорий и выявить альтернативные пути распространения инфекционного агента в окружа­ющей среде. В современных условиях, в связи с невысокой эффективностью очистных сооружений канализации в от­ношении вирионов, существует риск распространения вируса SARS-CoV-2 в окружающей среде, что и обуславливает потенциальный риск возникновения коронавирусных инфекций. Полученные сведения позволят разработать новые профилактические меры по сохранности санитарно-гигиенического состояния водных объектов и санитарно-защит­ных зон. Внедрение в практику этих мер будет способствовать улучшению эпидемической ситуации в нашей стране.

Background

Background. The article presents an overview of foreign and Russian scientific data on possible natural reservoirs of the COVID-19 causative agent, SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes, and measures taken to combat it in an aquatic environment. The objective of this review is to determine the possibility and features of SARS-CoV-2 dissemination through the aquatic environment, taking into account statistical significance of the results obtained and the compliance of scientific research with the criteria of evidence-based medicine.

Methods

Methods. We used keywords “COVID-19”, “wastewater”, “treatment facilities”, and “river water” to search the electronic databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, eLIBRARY, and ResearchGate, for journal articles on the topic. Out of 109 search results, we chose 85 papers and, having analyzed them, selected 55 most rel­evant articles for this review. The presence of the COVID-19 causative agent has been shown in various environmental objects including water supply systems, wastewater, and surface waters. Methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 particles based on the detection of strains of other viruses in environmental objects have been determined. They demonstrated that the independent entry of the virus into the ecosystem occurs due to its absorption by various fomites. The review presents the results of studies conducted in a number of countries during the pandemic, confirming the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in river water. Some stud­ies indicate the resistance of viral particles present in environmental objects to disinfectants, which, in its turn, determines the relevance of in-depth studies from the standpoint of ensuring sanitary and anti-epidemic regimen at water treatment plants.

Conclusions

Conclusions. The analysis of the world experience enabled us to establish the SARS-CoV-2 survival ability in the aquatic envi­ronment of urbanized areas and to identify its alternative transmission routes in the environment. In modern conditions, due to a poor efficiency of sewage treatment plants in terms of virions, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment posing a potential risk of the coronavirus disease is quite possible. Our findings will help develop new preventive measures to maintain safety of water bodies and sanitary protection zones. Their implementation will contribute to improvement of the epidemic situation in our country.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.