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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2021-336-3-47-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-583</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОММУНАЛЬНАЯ ГИГИЕНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMMUNAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка нейроэндокринных и иммунологических параметров у животных при хроническом комбинированном воздействии ксенобиотиков</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of Neuroendocrine and Immunological Parameters in Animals Following Chronic Combined Exposure to Xenobiotics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5573-6646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смолягин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolyagin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смолягин Александр Иванович – д.м.н., профессор кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander I. Smolyagin, D.M.Sc., Professor, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics</p><p>6 Sovetskaya Street, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">probllab.orenburg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-0887</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaylova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлова Ирина Валерьевна – д.б.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой фармацевтической химии</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Mikhaylova, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry</p><p>6 Sovetskaya Street, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">michaylova74@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1554-3943</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермолина Евгения Вячеславовна – к.б.н., с.н.с. проблемной научно-исследовательской лаборатории</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya V. Ermolina, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Problem Research Laboratory</p><p>6 Sovetskaya Street, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">probllab.orenburg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-0534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стадников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stadnikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стадников Александр Абрамович – д.б.н., профессор заведующий кафедрой гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Stadnikov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology</p><p>6 Sovetskaya Street, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_histology@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3684-1149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боев</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boev</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боев Виктор Михайлович – д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей и коммунальной гигиены</p><p>ул. Советская, 6, Оренбург, 460000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor M. Boev, D.M.Sc., Professor, Head of the Department of General and Communal Hygiene</p><p>6 Sovetskaya Street, Orenburg, 460000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_com.gig@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смолягин А.И., Михайлова И.В., Ермолина Е.В., Стадников А.А., Боев В.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смолягин А.И., Михайлова И.В., Ермолина Е.В., Стадников А.А., Боев В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smolyagin A.I., Mikhaylova I.V., Ermolina E.V., Stadnikov A.A., Boev V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/583">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/583</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Широкая распространенность соединений хрома и бензола в окружающей среде, связанная с работой автотранспорта и промышленности, обусловливает интерес к исследованию данных ксенобиотиков в ус­ловиях длительного эксперимента.</p><p>Цель работы – анализ хронического воздействия комбинации хрома и бензола на гипоталамо-гипофизарно-адренокортикальную (ГГАКС) и иммунную системы крыс-самцов Вистар. Объект ис­следования: 80 крыс-самцов Вистар.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы и подходы</title><p>Методы и подходы. Крысы на протяжении 135 суток вместе с питьевой водой получали комбинацию бихромата калия и бензола в дозах, соответствующих одной ПДК. Проведено исследование гипоталамуса, гипофиза, надпочечников, тимуса, селезенки с использованием морфометрических, гистологических и электронно-микроскопических методов. Для определения экспрессии проапоптотического белка р53 и антиапоп­тотического белка bcl2 использовали стрептавидин-биотиновый пероксидазный метод. У животных исследовали массу тела, тимуса и селезенки, содержание ядросодержащих клеток в тимусе, селезенке, костном мозге и оценивали клеточный состав селезенки и костного мозга, а также спонтанную и индуцированную конканавалином А секре­цию спленоцитами цитокинов ИФНγ, ИЛ-4, ИЛ-6, ИЛ-10.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлен негативный эффект на функцию ГГАКС, выражающийся в активации ее секреторной деятельности, блокировании высвобождения гипоталамических нейропептидов на уровне нейрогипофиза и приводящий к ультраструктурным повреждениям нейросекретор­ных клеток гипоталамуса, аденоцитов гипофиза и клеток коркового вещества надпочечников, а также в увеличении программированной гибели тимоцитов. У крыс, подвергнутых данному воздействию, отмечено снижение массы тимуса, количества тимоцитов и комплекс структурно-функциональных изменений, свидетельствующих о статусе акцидентальной инволюции. Выявлено снижение количества спленоцитов у крыс опытной группы, которое сопро­вождалось увеличением размеров белой пульпы селезенки. Установлено увеличение индуцированной продукции спленоцитами главных иммунорегуляторных цитокинов ИФНγ и ИЛ-4.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для анализа нарушений ГГАКС и иммунной системы при профессиональной хронической интокси­кации у лиц, работающих с бензолом и соединениями хрома, и совместном присутствии данных веществ в произ­водственной среде.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. A high prevalence of chromium and benzene compounds in the environment associated with motor vehicle and industrial operations arouses interest in the study of these xenobiotics in a long-term experiment. The objective of this work was to analyze effects of a chronic combined exposure to chromium and benzene on the hypothalamic-pitu­itary-adrenocortical (HPA) and immune systems of male Wistar rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Eighty male Wistar rats were administered potassium dichromate and benzene with drinking water in doses equaling one maximum permissible concen­tration (MPC) during 135 days. The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, thymus, and spleen were then studied using morphometric, histological, and electron microscopy methods. The streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method was used to determine the expression of pro-apoptotic protein p53 and anti-apoptotic protein bcl2. We also measured the body, thymus and spleen weights of animals, nucleated cell counts in the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow and evaluated the cellular composition of the spleen and bone marrow as well as spontaneous and concanavalin A-induced secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokines by splenocytes.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We established an adverse effect of the exposure on the HPA function expressed in the activation of its secretory activity, blocking the release of hypothalamic neuropeptides at the level of the neurohypophysis and leading to ultrastructural damage to the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus, pituitary adenocytes and adrenal cortical cells, as well as in an increase in the programmed death of thymocytes. We also ob­served a decrease in the thymus weight and thymocyte counts and a complex of structural and functional changes indicating the status of its accidental involution in the exposed rats. The revealed decrease in the splenocyte count in the experimental group was accompanied by an increase in the size of the white spleen pulp. An increase in the induced production of the main immunoregulatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 by splenocytes was found.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Our findings can be used to ana­lyze impairments of the HPA and immune systems in workers with a chronic combined exposure to benzene and chromium compounds in the occupational setting.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бензол</kwd><kwd>хром</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>гипоталамо-гипофизарно-адренокортикальная и иммунная системы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>benzene</kwd><kwd>chromium</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical and immune systems</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смолягин А.И., Михайлова И.В., Ермолина Е.В., и др. Влияние бихромата калия на морфологические и иммунологические параметры крыс Вистар // Токсикологический вестник. 2015. № 2 (131). С. 40–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smolyagin АI, Mikhaylova IV, Ermolina EV, et al. 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