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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2021339-6-15-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-566</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная характеристика условий труда работников и состояние профессиональной заболеваемости в Республике Башкортостан</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Characteristics of Working Conditions and Occupational Morbidity across Industries in the Republic of Bashkortostan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9024-8725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хисамиев</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khisamiev</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хисамиев Ильнур Ильясович – заместитель главного врача</p><p>ул. Шафиева, д. 7, г. Уфа, 450054</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilnur I. Khisamiev, Deputy Head Doctor</p><p>7 Shafiev Street, Ufa, 450054</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khisamiev.iln@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8727-1203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарафутдинова</surname><given-names>Н. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharafutdinova</surname><given-names>N. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарафутдинова Назира Хамзиновна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой организации здравоохранения и общественного здоровья</p><p>ул. Ленина, д. 3, г. Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nazira Kh. Sharafutdinova, D.M.Sc., Professor, Head of the Department of Healthcare Organization and Public Health</p><p>3 Lenin Street, Ufa, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nazira-h@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0750-5928</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарафутдинов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharafutdinov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарафутдинов Марат Амирович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры организации здравоохранения и общественного здоровья</p><p>ул. Ленина, д. 3, г. Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat A. Sharafutdinov, D.M.Sc., Professor, Department of Healthcare Organization and Public Health</p><p>3 Lenin Street, Ufa, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">poly-gkb@ufamail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Республике Башкортостан»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Bashkortostan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хисамиев И.И., Шарафутдинова Н.Х., Шарафутдинов М.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хисамиев И.И., Шарафутдинова Н.Х., Шарафутдинов М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khisamiev I.I., Sharafutdinova N.K., Sharafutdinov M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/566">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/566</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Улучшение условий труда работающего населения на предприятиях различных отраслей экономики возможно при решении комплекса организационных, социальных, правовых и других задач.</p><p>Цель исследования заключалась в изучении условий труда и профессиональной патологии работников, занятых в различных отраслях экономики Республики Башкортостан, в 2000–2019 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проанализированы условия труда населения, работающего на предприятиях республики, и показатели профессиональной заболеваемости.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Вредные условия труда оказывали влияние на работников преимущественно вследствие несовершенства технологических процессов и оборудования, конструктивных недостатков машин, механизмов, оборудования, приспособлений и инструментов. Более трети случаев профессиональных патологий относилось к классу болезней костно-мышечной системы и каждый пятый случай – к болезням органов дыхания. Среди нозологических форм преобладали радикулопатии и вибрационная болезнь. У мужчин, работающих в контакте с общей вибрацией, отмечался максимальный риск развития профессиональной патологии и риски, возникающие при воздействии других производственных факторов. На предприятиях добывающей и обрабатывающей промышленности, в строительстве наиболее часто условия труда не отвечали санитарно-гигиеническим требованиям по тяжести трудового процесса, шумовому и химическому фактору, в сельском хозяйстве – по тяжести трудового процесса, в отраслях транспорта и связи – по тяжести и напряженности трудового процесса.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В Республике Башкортостан прослеживается стойкая тенденция увеличения доли лиц, работающих во вредных и (или) опасных условиях труда, при этом отмечается снижение уровня регистрируемой профессиональной заболеваемости.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: Improvement of working conditions at enterprises of various sectors of economy can be achieved by solving comprehensive organizational, social, legal and other tasks.</p><p>The purpose of the research was to study working conditions and occupational morbidity of workers of various industries in the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2000–2019.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: We analyzed working conditions of the population employed at the enterprises of the republic and occupational disease rates.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Most occupational risk factors were attributed to imperfection of technological processes, equipment and design flaws of machines, mechanisms, equipment, devices and tools. More than a third of cases of occupational disorders were diseases of the musculoskeletal system while every fifth case was that of a respiratory disease; radiculopathy and vibration disease prevailed among nosological forms. Men exposed to general vibration were most at risk of developing occupational diseases, including those induced by other occupational risk factors. At enterprises of mining, construction, and manufacturing industry, working conditions usually failed to meet sanitary and hygienic requirements for physical work heaviness, noise and chemical exposures, in agriculture – for physical work heaviness, and in transport and communications – for work heaviness and intensity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: We observed a steady increase in the proportion of employees exposed to occupational risk factors and/or hazards and a simultaneous decrease in registered occupational disease incidence rates.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>условия труда</kwd><kwd>профессиональная заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>риск здоровью</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>working conditions</kwd><kwd>occupational diseases</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>health risk</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова А.Ю. 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