sredobЗдоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСОPublic Health and Life Environment – PH&LE2219-52382619-0788ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора10.35627/2219-5238/2021-338-5-67-77sredob-530Research ArticleСтатьиНанотехнологии в свете современных антибактериальных стратегий (обзор)Nanotechnologies in the light of modern antibacterial strategies: A reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-808XАндрюковБ. Г.AndryukovB. G.

Андрюков Борис Георгиевич – заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, д-р мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. лаборатории молекулярной микробиологии ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г. П. Сомова» Роспотребнадзора

ул. Сельская, д. 1, г. Владивосток, 690087

 

Boris G. Andryukov, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, D.M.Sc., Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)

1 Selskaya Street, Vladivostok, 690087

andrukov_bg@mail.ruФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г. П. Сомова» Роспотребнадзора; ФГАОУ ВО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет»РоссияSomov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology; School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal UniversityRussian Federation202109062021056777Copyright © Андрюков Б.Г., 20212021Андрюков Б.Г.Andryukov B.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/530

Введение. Появление и рост бактериальных штаммов с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью в последние десятилетия связаны с широким и бесконтрольным использованием антибиотиков, а также снижением количества результативных исследований и открытий новых классов антибактериальных препаратов. Эти тревожные тенденции признаются одной из серьезных угроз для глобального общественного здравоохранения. Они стимулируют и повышают актуальность масштабного поиска и изучения новых антимикробных стратегий, альтернативных традиционной антибиотикотерапии. Целью обзора является критический разбор преимуществ и ограничений современных антимикробных платформ с акцентом на инновационных технологиях использования наночастиц для прямого или опосредованного воздействия на патогенные бактерии, в том числе тех, которые обладают мультиустойчивостью к традиционным антибиотическим препаратам. Материалы и методы. Поиск источников проводился в ресурсах Кокрановской библиотеки (директория Wiley Online Library), EMBASE (EMBASE.com), CINAHL, Web of Science. Глубина поиска – 2017–2021 гг. Результаты исследования. Значительная часть положительных терапевтических эффектов для диагностики и лечения инфекций была получена в результате реализации принципиально новых механизмов антимикробного действия наноразмерных частиц и других наноматериалов. Оценивая будущие перспективы нанотехнологий в качестве наиболее динамично и активно развивающейся в последние годы антимикробной стратегии, следует сделать вывод, что эти инновационные платформы, безусловно, заслуживают пристального внимания и дальнейшего изучения в качестве альтернативного средства профилактики и лечения бактериальных инфекций. Основным ограничением для клинического использования современных наноматериалов является необходимость дальнейшей оценки их безопасности и цитотоксичности. Заключение. Борьба с устойчивостью к антибиотикам требует совместных действий общественных и государственных институтов. Разработка безопасных и эффективных антибактериальных технологий должна сочетаться с принятием международной программы жесткого регламентирования и строгих мер контроля за обоснованностью и рациональным использованием антибиотиков и других антибактериальных препаратов в медицине, косметологии, сельскохозяйственном производстве.

Introduction: The emergence and growth of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains in recent decades is associated with the widespread and uncontrolled use of antibiotics, as well as a decrease in the number of effective studies and discoveries of new classes of antibacterial drugs. These alarming trends are recognized as a major threat to global public health. They stimulate and increase the relevance of a large-scale search and study of new antimicrobial strategies, alternative to traditional antibiotic therapy. The purpose of the review is a critical analysis of advantages and limitations of modern antimicrobial platforms with an emphasis on innovative techniques of using nanoparticles for a direct or indirect effect on pathogenic bacteria, including the MDR ones. Materials and methods: The search for literary sources published in 2017–2021 was carried out in the resources of the Cochrane Library (Wiley Online Library directory), EMBASE (EMBASE.com), CINAHL, and Web of Science. Results: Most positive therapeutic effects for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases were obtained by implementing fundamentally new mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of nanosized particles and other nanomaterials. When assessing future prospects of nanotechnology as the most dynamically and actively developing and promising recent antimicrobial strategy, it should be concluded that these innovative platforms certainly merit attention and further study as alternative means of preventing and treating bacterial infections. The main limitation for the clinical use of modern nanomaterials is the need for further assessment of their safety and cytotoxicity. Conclusions: Tackling antibiotic resistance requires the concerted action of community and government institutions. The development of safe and effective antibacterial technologies should be accompanied by adoption of an international program of strict regulation and tough measures of control over validity and rational use of antibiotics and other antibacterial drugs in medicine, cosmetology, and agriculture.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.