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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2021-337-4-50-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-502</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Антибиотикорезистентность как фактор вирулентности условно-патогенных микроорганизмов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiotic Resistance as a Virulence Factor of Opportunistic Microorganisms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4146-0332</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гординская</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordinskaya</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гординская Наталья Александровна – д.м.н., ст. науч. сотр. лаборатории микробиологии</p><p>ул. Малая Ямская, д. 71, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia А. Gordinskaya, D.M.Sc., Senior Researcher, Microbiology Laboratory</p><p>71 Malaya Yamskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gordinskaya.nata@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6249-9466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борискина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boriskina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борискина Елена Владимировна – мл. науч. сотр. лаборатории микробиологии</p><p>ул. Малая Ямская, д. 71, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Boriskina, Junior Researcher, Microbiology Laboratory</p><p>71 Malaya Yamskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">labnikif@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-8065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кряжев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryazhev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кряжев Дмитрий Валерьевич – д.б.н., вед. науч. сотр., заведующий лабораторией микробиологии</p><p>ул. Малая Ямская, д. 71, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Kryazhev, D.Biol.Sc., Leading Researcher, Head of the Microbiology Laboratory</p><p>71 Malaya Yamskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">labnikif@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Нижегородский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. академика И.Н. Блохиной» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гординская Н.А., Борискина Е.В., Кряжев Д.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гординская Н.А., Борискина Е.В., Кряжев Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gordinskaya N.A., Boriskina E.V., Kryazhev D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/502">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/502</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Большое число инфекционных процессов ассоциированы с условно­патогенными микроорга­низмами. Фенотип антибиотикоустойчивости таких возбудителей – это мультирезистентные штаммы с наличием различных β­лактамаз. Цель работы. Определение фенотипических и генотипических особенностей антибиотикоре­ зистентности стафилококков, энтеробактерий и неферментирующих грамотрицательных бактерий – возбудителей инфекций у пациентов лечебно-­профилактических учреждений г. Нижнего Новгорода. Материал и методы. С по­мощью классических микробиологических методов и молекулярно­генетических исследований проанализированы 486 штаммов микроорганизмов, изолированных из верхних дыхательных путей, кишечника, мочи и раневого отде­ляемого за период 2019–2020 гг. У всех изолятов определяли фенотип антибиотикорезистентности диско­диффузи­онным методом (Bioanalyse) и на спектрофотометре Multiscan FC (ThermoScientific) с планшетами Microlatest (PLIVA­ Lachema), а также молекулярные особенности механизмов устойчивости ПЦР­-методом на приборе CFX96 (BioRad) с наборами АмплиСенс. Результаты и обсуждение. Результаты работы показали, что наиболее частым возбудителем инфекций (40,7 %) были грамотрицательные бактерии, из них энтеробактерии составили 27,1 %, неферментирую­щие бактерии – 13,6 %. В 37,6 % случаев выделялись стафилококки: S. aureus составил 13,4 %, коагулазонегативные штаммы – 24,2 %. Анализ антибиотикорезистентности выделенных изолятов показал высокий уровень устойчивости к антимикробным препаратам во всех стационарах, независимо от локуса выделения. Среди S. aureus имели фено­тип метициллинрезистентных штаммов 26,3 %, среди коагулазонегативных стафилококков – 37,9 %; mecA ген обна­ружен у 89,0 % метициллинрезистентных стафилококков. Наибольшее число антибиотикорезистентных штаммов среди грамотрицательных микроорганизмов обнаружено у K. pneumoniae, A. baumannnii и P. aeruginosa. Устойчивость к карбапенемам выявлена 61,7 % K. pneumoniae, 75,1 % A. baumannii и 58,2 % P. aeruginosa. Результаты молекулярно-­ге­нетических исследований подтвердили наличие сериновых карбапенемаз KPC­ и OXA­групп у всех полирезистент­ных K. pneumoniae и A. baumannii; у 40,9 % штаммов P. aeruginosa обнаружены гены металло-­β­лактамазы VIM­-группы. Продукция многочисленных β­лактамаз и наличие в геноме детерминант антибиотикоустойчивости обуславливают вирулентные свойства условно-­патогенных микроорганизмов. Заключение. Таким образом, антибиотикорезистент­ность условно­-патогенных микроорганизмов является причиной, способствующей хронизации инфекционных про­цессов. Широкое распространение антибиотикорезистентных возбудителей инфекций в настоящее время является серьезной проблемой здравоохранения, что определяет необходимость постоянного микробиологического монито­ ринга и изучения молекулярных механизмов устойчивости для выявления максимально активных антибиотиков и определения путей эрадикации полирезистентных штаммов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: A large number of infectious processes are associated with opportunistic microorganisms. The phenotype of antibiotic resistance of such pathogens is multidrug-resistant strains with the presence of various β-lactamases. Our objective was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic features of antibiotic resistance of staphylococci, enterobacteria, and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria – the cause of infectious diseases in patients of various health facilities of Nizhny Novgorod. Material and methods: Using classical microbiological methods and molecular genetic studies, we analyzed 486 strains of microorganisms isolated from the upper respiratory tract, intestines, urine, and wound discharge of patients in 2019–2020. In all isolates, the phenotype of antibiotic resistance was determined by the disco-diffusion method (Bioanalyse, Turkey) and using the Multiscan FC spectrophotometer (ThermoScientific, Finland) with Microlatest tablets (PLIVA-Lachema, Czech Republic), along with molecular features of resistance mechanisms by PCR on the CFX96 device (BioRad, USA) using AmpliSens kits (Russia). Results and discussion: The results showed that the most prevalent causative agents of infectious diseases (40.7 %) were Gram-negative bacteria, of which Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting bacteria accounted for 27.1 % and 13.6 % of cases, respectively. Staphylococci were isolated in 37.6 % of patients: S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci induced 13.4 % and 24.2 % of cases, respectively. The analysis of antibiotic resistance of the isolates showed a high level of antimicrobial resistance in all hospitals, regardless of the isolation locus. The phenotype of methicillin-resistant strains was found in 26.3 % and 37.9 % of S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, respectively; the mecA gene was found in 89.0 % of methicillin-resistant staphylococci. The highest number of antibiotic-resistant strains among Gram-negative microorganisms was observed in K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa. We established that 61.7 % of K. pneumoniae, 75.1 % of A. baumannii, and 58.2 % of P. aeruginosa were resistant to carbapenems. The results of molecular genetic studies confirmed the presence of serine carbapenemases KPC and OXA groups in all multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii; genes of the metallo-β-lactamase of VIM group were found in 40.9 % strains of P. aeruginosa. The production of numerous β-lactamases and the presence of determinants of antibiotic resistance in the genome determine the virulent properties of opportunistic microorganisms. Conclusion: The antibiotic resistance of opportunistic microorganisms is the cause of developing a chronic infectious process. Today, a wide spread of antibiotic-resistant infectious agents is a serious public health problem, which determines the need for constant microbiological monitoring and studies of molecular mechanisms of resistance to identify the most potent antibiotics and to determine the ways of eradication of multidrug-resistant strains.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>условно-патогенные микроорганизмы</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>mecA ген</kwd><kwd>β-лактамазы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>opportunistic microorganisms</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>mecA gene</kwd><kwd>β-lactamases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пальчун В.Н., Кафарская Л.И., Кунельская Н.А., Аpтемьев М.Е., Гуров А.В. 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