<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2021-337-4-10-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-496</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Видовой состав микробиоты автобусов внутригородских маршрутов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Species Composition of Microbiota in City Buses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3402-1160</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белова Ирина Викторовна – к.м.н., вед. науч. сотр. лаборатории микробиома человека и средств его коррекции</p><p>ул. Малая Ямская, д. 71, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Belova, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Means of Its Correction</p><p>71 Malaya Yamskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lab-lb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-5730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Точилина</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tochilina</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Точилина Анна Георгиевна – к.б.н., ст. науч. сотр. лаборатории микробиома человека и средств его коррекции</p><p>ул. Малая Ямская, д. 71, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna G. Tochilina, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Means of Its Correction</p><p>71 Malaya Yamskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3136-9500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovyeva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соловьева Ирина Владленовна – д.б.н., доцент, вед. науч. сотр. заведующий лабораторией микробиологии ФБУН ННИИЭМ им. академика И.Н. Блохиной Роспотребнадзора</p><p>ул. Малая Ямская, д. 71, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Solovyeva, D.Biol.Sc., Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Head of the Microbiology Laboratory</p><p>71 Malaya Yamskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-2047</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гелашвили</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gelashvili</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гелашвили Давид Бежанович – д.б.н., профессор кафедры экологии</p><p>просп. Гагарина, д. 23, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>David B. Gelashvili, D.Biol.Sc., Professor, Department of Ecology</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-5925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зазнобина</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaznobina</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зазнобина Наталья Ивановна – к.б.н., доцент кафедры экологии</p><p>просп. Гагарина, д. 23, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataly I. Zaznobina, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Ecology</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1162-2417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жирнов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhirnov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жирнов Владимир Анатольевич – к.б.н., науч. сотр. лаборатории микробиома человека и средств его коррекции </p><p>ул. Малая Ямская, д. 71, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Zhirnov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Researcher, Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Means of Its Correction</p><p>71 Malaya Yamskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-5925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молодцова</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molodtsova</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Молодцова Светлана Борисовна – науч. сотр. лаборатории микробиома человека и средств его коррекции</p><p>ул. Малая Ямская, д. 71, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana B. Molodtsova, Researcher, Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Means of Its Correction</p><p>71 Malaya Yamskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Нижегородский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. академика И.Н. Блохиной» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского» Минобрнауки России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белова И.В., Точилина А.Г., Соловьева И.В., Гелашвили Д.Б., Зазнобина Н.И., Жирнов В.А., Молодцова С.Б., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белова И.В., Точилина А.Г., Соловьева И.В., Гелашвили Д.Б., Зазнобина Н.И., Жирнов В.А., Молодцова С.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belova I.V., Tochilina A.G., Solovyeva I.V., Gelashvili D.B., Zaznobina N.I., Zhirnov V.A., Molodtsova S.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/496">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/496</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В нормативных документах санитарного законодательства Российской Федерации отсутствует норми­рование микробиологических показателей для салонов городского автотранспорта, осуществляющего пассажирские пе­ревозки. Однако на примере крупномасштабных исследований микробиома общественного транспорта, проведенных в разных странах, доказано, что и внешняя среда (остановки и платформы), и внутренняя среда салонов содержат большое количество разнообразных микроорганизмов, на численность которых не оказывают влияния ни температура воздуха, ни длительность маршрута, ни количество пассажиров. Цель работы: изучение видового состава микробиоты рейсовых автобусов, курсирующих по внутригородским маршрутам, и оценка ее структуры с помощью методов синэкологического и эпидемиологического анализа. Материал и методы. Материалом для исследования служили смывы с общедоступных по­верхностей салонов автобусов. Всего обследован 41 автобус 16 маршрутов из трех условных групп («нагорная», «заречная» и «межрайонная»). В работе использовали методы классической бактериологии, MALDI TOF масс­спектрометрии, синэ­кологического анализа. Результаты и обсуждение. В результате исследования выделено 85 видов микроорганизмов, из них 15 обнаруживались во всех группах маршрутов. Показано, что микробиота автобусов подчиняется тем же экологическим закономерностям, что и природные (естественные) микробиоценозы. Наибольшим количеством видов представлены род Staphylococcus (16), Acinetobacter (11), Bacillus (11), Pseudomonas (8), Pantoea (5). В наибольшем количестве выделялись микроор­ ганизмы родов Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Pantoea. Среди 15 общих для трех групп автобусов видов микроорганизмов 60 % являются представителями микробиоты человека. Показано, что в наибольшем количестве микроорганизмы выделяют­ся с тканевых спинок сидений (до 18600 КОЕ/см3), ручек спинок сидений (до 76500 КОЕ/см3), кожаных петель­держате­лей (до 6400 КОЕ/см3), а также с участков поверхностей с явными загрязнениями (11200 КОЕ/см3). Выводы. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о необходимости нормирования микробиологических показателей и разработки методических указаний по контролю эффективности проводимых дезинфекционных мероприятий в салонах общественного пассажир­ского автотранспорта.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: Regulatory documents of the Russian sanitary legislation provide no standardization of microbiological indicators for urban public transportation. At the same time, extensive studies of public transport microbiome conducted in dif­ ferent countries demonstrated that the external environment (stations and platforms) and the interior of vehicles contain a large number of various microorganisms, the number of which is independent of air temperature, route duration, or the number of passengers. The objective of our work was to study the species composition of microbiota in urban buses and to assess its structure using methods of synecological and epidemiological analysis. Methods: We analyzed wipe samples from generally accessible bus interior surfaces. In total, 41 buses of 16 routes from three conditional groups (“Nagornaya” (Upland), “Zarechnaya” (Transverse) and “Interdistrict”) were examined. We applied methods of classical bacteriology, MALDI­TOF mass spectrometry for microor­ ganism identification, and synecological analysis. Results and discussion: We identified 85 types of microorganisms, 15 of which were found in all groups of routes. The bus microbiota followed the same ecological laws as natural microbiocenoses. The greatest number of species was represented by genera Staphylococcus (16), Acinetobacter (11), Bacillus (11), Pseudomonas (8), and Pantoea (5). The majority of identified microorganisms belonged to genera Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, and Pantoea. Among 15 species of micro­ organisms “common” to three groups of buses, 60 % were representatives of human microbiota. Microorganisms were found in large quantities on fabric seat backs (up to 18,600 CFU/cm3), seat back handles (up to 76,500 CFU/cm3), leather loop­holders (up to 6,400 CFU/cm3), and visually dirty surfaces (11,200 CFU/cm3). Conclusions: Our findings indicate the need to standardize micro­ biological indicators and develop guidelines for monitoring the efficiency of disinfection of interiors of public passenger vehicles.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроорганизмы</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>общественный автотранспорт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microorganisms</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>public road transport</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белов А.Б., Куликалова Е.С. Сапронозы: экология возбудителей, эпидемиология, терминология и систематика // Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belov AB, Kulikalova ES. Sapronoses: ecology of infection agents, epidemiology, terminology and classification. Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika. 2016;15(1):5–16. (In Russian). doi: 10.31631/20733046-2016-15-1-5-16</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hubálek Z. Emerging human infectious diseases: anthroponoses, zoonoses, and sapronoses. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9(3):403–404. doi: 10.3201/eid0903.020208</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hubálek Z. Emerging human infectious diseases: anthroponoses, zoonoses, and sapronoses. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9(3):403–404. doi: 10.3201/eid0903.020208</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hubálek Z, Rudolf I. Microbial Zoonoses and Sapronoses. Dordrecht: Springer Publ, 2011. doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-9657-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hubálek Z, Rudolf I. Microbial Zoonoses and Sapronoses. Dordrecht: Springer Publ, 2011. doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-9657-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuris AM, Lafferty KD, Sokolow SH. Sapronosis: a distinctive type of infectious agent. Trends Parasitol. 2014;30(8):386–393. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.06.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuris AM, Lafferty KD, Sokolow SH. Sapronosis: a distinctive type of infectious agent. Trends Parasitol. 2014;30(8):386–393. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.06.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu B, Hao J. Air quality inside subway metro indoor environment worldwide: A review. Environ Int. 2017; 107:33–46. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.06.016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu B, Hao J. Air quality inside subway metro indoor environment worldwide: A review. Environ Int. 2017; 107:33–46. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.06.016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fujiyoshi S, Tanaka D, Maruyama F. Transmission of airborne bacteria across built environments and its measurement standards: A review. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:2336. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02336</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fujiyoshi S, Tanaka D, Maruyama F. Transmission of airborne bacteria across built environments and its measurement standards: A review. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:2336. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02336</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dybwad M, Granum PE, Bruheim P, Blatny JM. Characterization of airborne bacteria at an underground subway station. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012;78(6):1917– 1929. doi: 10.1128/AEM.07212-11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dybwad M, Granum PE, Bruheim P, Blatny JM. Characterization of airborne bacteria at an underground subway station. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012;78(6):1917– 1929. doi: 10.1128/AEM.07212-11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">HsuT, JoiceR, VallarinoJ, Abu-AliG, HartmannEM, Shafquat A, et al. Urban transit system microbial communities differ by surface type and interaction with humans and the environment. mSystems. 12016;1(3):e00018–16. doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00018-16</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">HsuT, JoiceR, VallarinoJ, Abu-AliG, HartmannEM, Shafquat A, et al. Urban transit system microbial communities differ by surface type and interaction with humans and the environment. mSystems. 12016;1(3):e00018–16. doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00018-16</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hospodsky D, Qian J, Nazaroff WW, Yamamoto N, Bibby K, Rismani-Yazdi H, et al. Human occupancy as a source of indoor airborne bacteria. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34867. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034867</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hospodsky D, Qian J, Nazaroff WW, Yamamoto N, Bibby K, Rismani-Yazdi H, et al. Human occupancy as a source of indoor airborne bacteria. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34867. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034867</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брусина Е.Б., Рычагов И.П. Эпидемиология внутрибольничных гнойно-септических инфекций в хирургии. Новосибирск: Наука, 2006. 169 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brusina EB, Ryichagov IP. [Epidemiology of In-hospital Septic Infection in Surgery]. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 2006. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куликалова Е.С., Урбанович Л.Я., Саппо С.Г., Миронова Л.В., Марков Е.Ю., Мальник В.В. и др. Биопленка холерного вибриона: получение, характеристика и роль в резервации возбудителя в водной окружающей среде // Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2015. №1. С.3–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulikalova ES, UrbanovichLYa, SappoSG, MironovaLV, MarkovEYu, Mal’nikVV. Cholera vibrio biofilm: production, characterization and role in reservation of causative agent in water environment. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii. 2015;(1):3–11. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андрюков Б.Г., Сомова Л.М., Тимченко Н.Ф. Эволюция понятия сапронозы и трансформация экологической концепции паразитизма в инфектологии // Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2017. №5. С.119–126. https:// doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2017-5-119-126</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andryukov BG, Somova LM, Timchenko NF. Evolution of the sapronosis notion and transformation of the environmental concept of parasitism in infectology. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii. 2017;(5):119–126. doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-2017-5119-126</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белов А.Б. Экологические аспекты эпидемиологического надзора за внутрибольничными инфекциями // Сепсис. Вопросы клинической патофизиологии, эпидемиологии, диагностики и интенсивной терапии: материалы межрегиональной научно-практической конференции. Кемерово: Изд-во Кузбассвузиздат, 2006. С.18–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belov AB. [Environmental aspects of epidemiological surveillance of hospital infections]. In: Sepsis. Issues of Сlinical Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, diagnosis and intensive Care: Proceeding of the Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat Publ., 2006:18–27. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брусина Е.Б. Эпидемиология инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи, вызванных возбудителями группы сапронозов // Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2015. Т.14. №2. С.50–56. doi: https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2015-14-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brusina EB. Epidemiology of healthcare-associated infection, coused by sapronoses group pathogens. Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika. 2015;14(2):50–56. (In Russian). doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2015-14-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conceição T, Diamantino F, Coelho C, Aires-deSousa M. Contamination of public buses with MRSA in Lisbon, Portugal: a possible transmission route of major MRSA clones within the community. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e77812. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077812</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conceição T, Diamantino F, Coelho C, Aires-deSousa M. Contamination of public buses with MRSA in Lisbon, Portugal: a possible transmission route of major MRSA clones within the community. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e77812. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077812</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тихонов В.В., Николаева О.В., Пильгун П.А. Оценка численности микроорганизмов в воздухе общественного транспорта Москвы в зимний период // Городские исследования и практики. 2018. Т.3. №3. С.36–47. doi: https://doi.org/10.17323/usp33201836-47</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikhonov VV, Nikolaeva OV, Pilgun PA. Quantity of airborne microorganisms in public transport of Moscow in winter period. Gorodskie Issledovaniya i Praktiki. 2018;3(3):36–47. (In Russian). doi: 10.17323/usp33201836-47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AfshinnekooE, MeydanC, ChowdhuryS, JaroudiD, BoyerC, BernsteinN, et al. Geospatial resolution of human and bacterial diversity with city-scale metagenomics. Cell Syst. 2015;1(1):72–87. doi: 10.1016/j.cels.2015.01.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">AfshinnekooE, MeydanC, ChowdhuryS, JaroudiD, BoyerC, BernsteinN, et al. Geospatial resolution of human and bacterial diversity with city-scale metagenomics. Cell Syst. 2015;1(1):72–87. doi: 10.1016/j.cels.2015.01.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The MetaSUB International Consortium, Mason C, Afshinnekoo E, Ahsannudin S, Ghedin E, Read T, Fraser C, et al. The Metagenomics and Metadesign of the Subways and Urban Biomes (MetaSUB) International Consortium inaugural meeting report. Microbiome. 2016;4(24):1–14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168016-0168-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The MetaSUB International Consortium, Mason C, Afshinnekoo E, Ahsannudin S, Ghedin E, Read T, Fraser C, et al. The Metagenomics and Metadesign of the Subways and Urban Biomes (MetaSUB) International Consortium inaugural meeting report. Microbiome. 2016;4(24):1–14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168016-0168-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klimenko NS, Tyakht AV, Toshchakov SV, Shevchenko MA, Korzhenkov AA, Afshinnekoo E et al. Cooccurrence patterns of bacteria within microbiome of Moscow subway. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2020; 18:314–322. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.01.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klimenko NS, Tyakht AV, Toshchakov SV, Shevchenko MA, Korzhenkov AA, Afshinnekoo E et al. Cooccurrence patterns of bacteria within microbiome of Moscow subway. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2020; 18:314–322. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.01.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garza DR, Dutilh BE. From cultured to uncultured genome sequences: metagenomics and modeling microbial ecosystems. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015;72(22):4287–308. doi: 10.1007/s00018-015-2004-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garza DR, Dutilh BE. From cultured to uncultured genome sequences: metagenomics and modeling microbial ecosystems. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015;72(22):4287–308. doi: 10.1007/s00018-015-2004-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neelakanta G, Sultana H. The use of metagenomic approaches to analyze changes in microbial communities. Microbiol Insights. 2013;6:37–48. doi: 10.4137/MBI. S10819</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neelakanta G, Sultana H. The use of metagenomic approaches to analyze changes in microbial communities. Microbiol Insights. 2013;6:37–48. doi: 10.4137/MBI. S10819</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">RobertsonCE, BaumgartnerLK, HarrisJK, PetersonKL, StevensMJ, FrankDN, et al. Culture-independent analysis of aerosol microbiology in a metropolitan subway system. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013;79(11):3485–93. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00331-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">RobertsonCE, BaumgartnerLK, HarrisJK, PetersonKL, StevensMJ, FrankDN, et al. Culture-independent analysis of aerosol microbiology in a metropolitan subway system. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013;79(11):3485–93. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00331-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dingle TC, Butler-Wu SM. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for microorganism identification. Clin Lab Med. 2013;33(3):589–609. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2013.03.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dingle TC, Butler-Wu SM. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for microorganism identification. Clin Lab Med. 2013;33(3):589–609. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2013.03.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singhal N, Kumar M, Kanaujia PK, Virdi JS. MALDITOF mass spectrometry: an emerging technology for microbial identification and diagnosis. Front Microbiol. 2015;6:791. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00791</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singhal N, Kumar M, Kanaujia PK, Virdi JS. MALDITOF mass spectrometry: an emerging technology for microbial identification and diagnosis. Front Microbiol. 2015;6:791. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00791</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">LiY, ShanM, ZhuZ, MaoX, YanM, Chen Y, et al. Application of MALDI-TOF MS to rapid identification of anaerobic bacteria. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):941. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-4584-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">LiY, ShanM, ZhuZ, MaoX, YanM, Chen Y, et al. Application of MALDI-TOF MS to rapid identification of anaerobic bacteria. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):941. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-4584-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strejcek M, Smrhova T, Junkova P, Uhlik O. Whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS versus 16S rRNA gene analysis for identification and dereplication of recurrent bacterial isolates. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1294. doi: 10.3389/ fmicb.2018.01294</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strejcek M, Smrhova T, Junkova P, Uhlik O. Whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS versus 16S rRNA gene analysis for identification and dereplication of recurrent bacterial isolates. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1294. doi: 10.3389/ fmicb.2018.01294</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
