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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2026-34-6-46-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-3100</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОММУНАЛЬНАЯ ГИГИЕНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMMUNAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гигиенические аспекты безопасности водопользования в условиях загрязнения воды токсинами цианобактерий (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygienic Aspects of Safe Water Use in the Context of Water Contamination with Cyanobacterial Toxins: A Literature Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6621-5137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиев</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiev</surname><given-names>R. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валиев Ренат Шавкатович – к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории гигиенических методов исследования факторов окружающий среды </p><p>ул. Заречная, зд. 1А, стр. 1, г. Саратов, 410022 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Renat Sh. Valiev, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Research Scientist, Laboratory of Hygienic Methods for Assessing Environmental Factors </p><p>Bldg 1, 1A Zarechnaya Street, Saratov, 410022 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valievrenat03@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0670-7918</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микеров</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikerov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Микеров Анатолий Николаевич – д.б.н., директор Саратовского МНЦ гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»; профессор кафедры микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии ФГБОУ ВО Саратовского ГМУ им. В.И. Разумовского Минздрава России </p><p>ул. Заречная, зд. 1А, стр. 1, г. Саратов, 410022 </p><p>ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112, г. Саратов, 410012 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly N. Mikerov, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head, Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center, Branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Professor, Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky </p><p>Bldg 1, 1A Zarechnaya Street, Saratov, 410022 </p><p>112 Bolshaya Kazachya Street, Saratov, 410012 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mail@smncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9234-4000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеева</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseeva</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моисеева Елизавета Михайловна – к.б.н., заведующая лабораторией гигиенических методов исследования факторов окружающей среды </p><p>ул. Заречная, зд. 1А, стр. 1, г. Саратов, 410022 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta M. Moiseeva, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory of Hygienic Methods for Assessing Environmental Factors </p><p>Bldg 1, 1A Zarechnaya Street, Saratov, 410022 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moiseeva-el@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5070-4431</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузянов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzyanov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузянов Дмитрий Андреевич – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории гигиенических методов исследования факторов окружающей среды </p><p>ул. Заречная, зд. 1А, стр. 1, г. Саратов, 410022 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Kuzyanov, Junior Research Scientist, Laboratory of Hygienic Methods for Assessing Environmental Factors </p><p>Bldg 1, 1A Zarechnaya Street, Saratov, 410022 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimakuzyanov2000@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Саратовский медицинский научный центр гигиены ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center, Branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Саратовский медицинский научный центр гигиены ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора; Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center, Branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Валиев Р.Р., Микеров А.Н., Моисеева Е.М., Кузянов Д.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Валиев Р.Р., Микеров А.Н., Моисеева Е.М., Кузянов Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Valiev R.S., Mikerov A.N., Moiseeva E.M., Kuzyanov D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/3100">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/3100</self-uri><abstract><sec><title> Введение</title><p> Введение. Проблема массового развития токсигенных цианобактерий в источниках хозяйственно-питьевого и культурно-бытового водопользования населения определяет актуальность разработки соответствующих программ и стратегий, направленных на мониторинг качества и безопасности воды, загрязненной цианотоксинами.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: анализ современных данных и международного опыта мониторинга и прогнозирования загрязнения цианотоксинами питьевой воды и воды источников хозяйственно-питьевого и культурно-бытового водопользования населения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Материалами для исследования послужили отечественные и зарубежные научные статьи из международных и национальных полнотекстовых баз данных (Scopus, PubMed, eLIBRARY) и нормативные документы за период с 2007 по 2026 г. Анализ отобранных 65 научных источников и 10 нормативных документов проводился путем систематизации и обобщения данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показано, что токсигенные штаммы цианобактерий и продуцируемые ими токсины повсеместно выявляются в водоисточниках РФ. Традиционные методы водоподготовки не обеспечивают полного удаления цианотоксинов из питьевой воды. Существующие программы мониторинга «цветений» основаны на оценке концентрации фотосинтетических пигментов и количества клеток цианобактерий. В ряде работ показана прогностическая значимость применения молекулярно-генетических методов детекции генов токсигенности при проведении оценки загрязненности воды цианотоксинами. Иммуноферментный анализ является наиболее доступным и чувствительным методом для определения содержания цианотоксинов в питьевой воде и воде водоисточников.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведенный анализ данных современных научных исследований и международного опыта позволил сформировать представление о проблеме, связанной с загрязнением цианотоксинами питьевой воды и воды источников хозяйственно-питьевого и культурно-бытового водопользования населения, и определить возможные направления по совершенствованию существующей системы мониторинга качества и безопасности воды с использованием методического аппарата для прогнозирования и количественного определения содержания токсинов в питьевой воде и воде водоисточников. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: The problem of the widespread growth of toxigenic cyanobacteria in water supply sources necessitates the development of appropriate programs and strategies aimed at monitoring the quality and safety of water contaminated with cyanotoxins.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To analyze current data and international experience in monitoring and predicting cyanotoxin contamination of drinking water and water supply sources.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: The study materials included Russian and foreign scientific articles retrieved from full-text databases (Scopus, PubMed, and eLIBRARY.ru) and regulatory documents issued in 2007–2026. The analysis of 65 selected publications and 10 regulatory documents was carried out by systematizing and summarizing the data.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Toxigenic cyanobacterial strains and the toxins they produce are ubiquitous in water sources of the Russian Federation. Routine methods of water treatment do not ensure complete removal of cyanotoxins from drinking water. Current bloom monitoring programs are based on measuring photosynthetic pigment concentrations and counting the number of cyanobacterial cells. Several studies have demonstrated the predictive value of using techniques of molecular genetics to detect toxigenic genes when assessing water contamination with cyanotoxins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is the most affordable and sensitive method for determining cyanotoxin levels in drinking and source water.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: The review of recent research findings and international experience has given us an insight into cyanotoxin contamination of drinking water and sources of household and recreational water use and helped identify potential areas for improving the existing water quality and safety monitoring system using a methodological tool for predicting and quantifying toxin levels in both drinking and source water. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цианобактерии</kwd><kwd>цианотоксины</kwd><kwd>мониторинг качества воды</kwd><kwd>ПЦР в реальном времени</kwd><kwd>иммуноферментный анализ</kwd><kwd>питьевое водоснабжение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cyanobacteria</kwd><kwd>cyanotoxins</kwd><kwd>water quality monitoring</kwd><kwd>real-time PCR</kwd><kwd>enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</kwd><kwd>drinking water supply</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Синицына O.O., Кузь Н.В., Пушкарёва М.В., Турбинс­ кий В.В., Ширяева М.А. 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