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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2026-34-2-17-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-2981</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ГИГИЕНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выявление зон риска врожденных пороков развития на уровне макрорегиона</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Identification of the Areas at Risk of Congenital Malformations  at the Macroregional Level</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-2147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimova</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефимова Наталья Васильевна – д.м.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории эколого-гигиенических исследований, </p><p>ул. 12А микрорайон, д. 3а, г. Ангарск, Иркутская обл., 665826.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Efimova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Environmental Health Research, </p><p>3a, 12A Microdistrict Street, Angarsk, Irkutsk Region, 665826.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">medecolab@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8104-4264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайкова</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaikova</surname><given-names>Zoia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайкова Зоя Александровна – к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры общей гигиены, </p><p>ул. Красного восстания, д. 1, г. Иркутск, 664003.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zoia A. Zaikova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), docent; Associate Professor, Department of General Hygiene,</p><p>1, Krasnogo Vosstaniya Street, Irkutsk, 664003.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zaikovazoya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1246-8327</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченков</surname><given-names>М. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenkov</surname><given-names>Mikhail F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савченков Михаил Федосович – академик РАН, д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры общей гигиены ФГБОУ,</p><p>ул. Красного восстания, д. 1, г. Иркутск, 664003.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail F. Savchenkov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof., Dr. Sci. (Med.); Professor, Department of General Hygiene,</p><p>1, Krasnogo Vosstaniya Street, Irkutsk, 664003.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mfs36@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ефимова Н.В., Зайкова З.А., Савченков М.Ф., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ефимова Н.В., Зайкова З.А., Савченков М.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Efimova N.V., Zaikova Z.A., Savchenkov M.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2981">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2981</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Частота врожденных аномалий связана с комплексом экзо и эндогенных факторов, влияющих на развитие организма.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: на основе пространственного анализа выявить зоны риска развития врожденных аномалий детей, связанных с загрязнением атмосферного воздуха.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для характеристики загрязнения атмосферного воздуха 23 субъектов, расположенных в Азиатском районе России, использовались данные Росгидромета за 2017–2023 г. по индексам загрязнения атмосферы и максимальным из зарегистрированных величин превышения ПДК по бенз(а)пирену. Показатели впервые выявленной заболеваемости по классу врожденные аномалии у детей 0–14 лет взяты из статистических сборников Минздрава РФ, использовалась численность экспонированного населения. Многоэтапное исследование проведено с применением методов статистического анализа: описательной статистики, корреляционного, регрессионного и кластерного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Определена статистическая значимая корреляционная зависимость между частотой врожденных пороков развития нервной системы детей и уровнем загрязнения бенз(а)пиреном, индексом загрязнения атмосферы. По результатам кластерного анализа в кластер с высокими показателями первичной заболеваемости врожденными аномалиями нервной системы вошли 6 субъектов, где зарегистрированы высокие и очень высокие уровни загрязнения атмосферы (от 10 до 18), чрезвычайно высокие концентрации бенз(а)пирена в воздухе (от 32 до 74 максимальные кратности превышения ПДК) и высокие проценты экспонированного населения (38–77 %): Иркутская область, Республика Тыва, Красноярский край, Кемеровская область, Забайкальский край и Республика Бурятия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В ходе многоэтапного анализа определены зоны риска заболеваемости детей врожденными пороками развития в Азиатском районе России. По результатам корреляционного и кластерного анализов, в первую очередь, в выявленных 6 субъектах с высоким и очень высоким загрязнением атмосферы и бенз(а)пиреном, требуются меры, направленные на улучшение экологической ситуации, что в последующем повлечет за собой снижение уровня врожденных аномалий и дефектов развития нервной системы у детей. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: The incidence of congenital anomalies is associated with a combination of exogenous and endogenous factors influencing development.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To identify the areas at risk of congenital anomalies in children associated with air pollution using spatial analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: To characterize ambient air pollution in 23 regions of the Asian part of Russia, we used data collected by the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet) for the years 2017–2023 on air quality indices (AQI) and exceedances of the maximum acceptable benzo(a)pyrene level. Incidence rates of congenital anomalies in children aged 0–14 years were retrieved from statistical bulletins of the Russian Ministry of Health, and the size of the exposed population was used. This multi-stage study was conducted using methods of descriptive statistics, as well as correlation, regression and cluster analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: We found statistically significant correlations between ambient benzo(a)pyrene levels, AQI, and the incidence of congenital malformations of the nervous system in children. The cluster with the high incidence rates of congenital nervous system malformations included six regions noted for high and very high levels of ambient air pollution (AQI ranging from 10 to 18), extremely high airborne concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (32 to 74-fold excess of MAC), and high proportions of exposed population (38–77 %), namely the Irkutsk Region, the Republic of Tyva, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Kemerovo Region, Transbaikal Territory, and the Republic of Buryatia.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: The multi-stage analysis identified areas at risk of congenital malformations in children in the Asian part of Russia. Based on the results of correlation and cluster analyses, measures aimed at improving environmental conditions are essential in six regions with high and very high air pollution and airborne benzo(a)pyrene levels as they will contribute to reducing the incidence of congenital anomalies and neurodevelopmental defects in offspring.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденные аномалии</kwd><kwd>динамика</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>впервые выявленные заболевания</kwd><kwd>кластерный анализ</kwd><kwd>макрорегион</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital anomalies</kwd><kwd>dynamics</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>newly diagnosed diseases</kwd><kwd>cluster analysis</kwd><kwd>macroregion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khoshnood B, Baynam G, Loane M, Rissmann A, Botto L. 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