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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/22195238/2026-34-2-7-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-2980</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ГИГИЕНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплексный анализ социальных детерминант здоровья регионов России методами машинного обучения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comprehensive Analysis of Social Determinants of Health in Russian Regions Using Machine Learning</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4831-1783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>Tatyana P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильева Татьяна Павловна – д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, заведующая отделом исследований общественного здоровья,</p><p>ул. Воронцово поле, д. 12, стр. 1, г. Москва, 105064.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana P. Vasilyeva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Lifestyle Studies and Public Health Protection, </p><p>Bldg 1, 12 Vorontsovo Pole Street, Moscow, 105064.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasileva_tp@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-6757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримов</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimov</surname><given-names>Denis O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каримов Денис Олегович – к.м.н., с.н.с. отдела исследований общественного здоровья; заведующий отделом токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных,</p><p>ул. Воронцово поле, д. 12, стр. 1, г. Москва, 105064;</p><p>ул. Степана Кувыкина, д. 94, г. Уфа, 450106.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis O. Karimov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Department of Lifestyle Studies and Public Health Protection; Head of the Department of Toxicology and Genetics with an experimental laboratory animal clinic,</p><p>Bldg 1, 12 Vorontsovo Pole Street, Moscow, 105064;</p><p>94, Stepan Kuvykin Street, Ufa, 450106.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karimovdo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-0479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabova</surname><given-names>Yuliya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рябова Юлия Владимировна – к.м.н., заведующая лабораторией токсикологии отдела токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных,</p><p>ул. Степана Кувыкина, д. 94, г. Уфа, 450106.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya V. Ryabova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Toxicology and Genetics with an experimental laboratory animal clinic, </p><p>94, Stepan Kuvykin Street, Ufa, 450106.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ryabovaiuvl@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБHУ «Hациональный научно-исследовательский институт общественного здоровья имени H.A. Семашко»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБHУ «Hациональный научно-исследовательский институт общественного здоровья имени H.A. Семашко»; ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health; Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Васильева Т.П., Каримов Д.О., Рябова Ю.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильева Т.П., Каримов Д.О., Рябова Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilyeva T.P., Karimov D.O., Ryabova Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2980">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2980</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Социальные детерминанты – первопричинные силы, которые формируют социальный градиент здоровья и очерчивают пределы эффективности сугубо клинических вмешательств. Инструментарий больших данных и машинного обучения обеспечивает точную, воспроизводимую оценку их вклада и помогает вычленить осмысленные приоритеты политики, направленной на сужение разрывов в ожидаемой продолжительности жизни.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: количественно оценить и ранжировать вклад социальных, экономических, демографических и экологических детерминант в вариацию индекса общественного здоровья регионов России, выявив факторы, критичные для управленческих решений.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Сформирован панельный датасет по субъектам РФ за 2010–2024 гг.; выполнены нормирование показателей и транслитерация категориальных признаков. Построена модель прогноза индекса общественного здоровья методом градиентного бустинга на решающих деревьях; интерпретация результата с детальным анализом вклада отдельных детерминант проведена по технологии, опирающейся на теорию значений Шепли.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Наибольший вклад в вариацию индекса общественного здоровья внесли показатели смертности (общее число умерших и смертность от внешних причин), уровень бедности и коэффициент доступности жилья; дополнительное, но значимое влияние показали охват школьников горячим питанием, расходы на охрану окружающ ей среды и показатели криминогенной обстановки. Параметры, традиционно используемые как маркеры благосостояния (среднедушевые доходы и уровень безработицы), в присутствии интегрального показателя бедности продемонстрировали статистическую избыточность. Выявлен выраженный межрегиональный градиент, указывающий на существенный вклад территориальной специфики.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Комплексный учет социально-экономических, демографических и инфраструктурных индикаторов с применением методов машинного обучения формирует надежную основу для прогнозирования и интерпретации региональных различий, а стратегии управления общественным здоровьем должны быть адаптированы к специфике региональных субъектов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: Social determinants are fundamental causes of causes that shape the social gradient of health and delineate the limits of effectiveness of purely clinical interventions. The toolkit of big data and machine learning enables precise, reproducible evaluation of their contributions and helps identify meaningful policy priorities aimed at narrowing gaps in life expectancy.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To quantitatively assess and rank contributions of social, economic, demographic, and environmental determinants to the variation of the Public Health Index (PHI) across Russian regions and identify factors critical for decision-making.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: A panel dataset was compiled for the regions of the Russian Federation for 2010–2024. Indicator normalization and transliteration of categorical variables were performed. A predictive model for the Public Health Index was developed using gradient boosting on decision trees. Interpretation of the results, including detailed analysis of the contribution of individual determinants, was carried out using a Shapley value-based technique.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: We established that mortality indicators (the total number of deaths and mortality from external causes), the poverty level, and the housing affordability index contributed the most to the variations in the Public Health Index. School meal coverage, environmental protection expenditures, and crime indicators demonstrated additional, yet significant effects. The parameters traditionally used as markers of socioeconomic well-being (per capita income and unemployment rate) demonstrated statistical redundancy when the poverty variable was included in the model. A pronounced interregional gradient was identified, indicating a substantial influence of territorial specificity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: A comprehensive analysis of socioeconomic, demographic, and infrastructural indicators using machine learning methods provides a robust foundation for forecasting and interpreting regional differences. Public health management strategies should be adapted to the specific features of each constituent entity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социальные детерминанты здоровья</kwd><kwd>индекс общественного здоровья</kwd><kwd>SHAP-анализ</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>социально-экономические показатели</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>social determinants of health</kwd><kwd>Public Health Index</kwd><kwd>SHAP analysis</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>socioeconomic indicators</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сауткина В.А. Социальные детерминанты здоровья: мировые тенденции и региональные особенности // Общественные науки и современность. 2024. № 5. С. 98-110. doi: 10.31857/S0869049924050087</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sautkina VA. 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