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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2025-33-9-67-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-2812</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOOD HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование фактического питания в многодетных семьях: многоуровневый анализ потребления энергии, пищевых веществ и структуры продуктового набора</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of the Dietary Intake in Multiple Child Families: A Multi-Level Analysis of Energy and Nutrient Intake and the Food Set Structure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5200-7907</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартинчик</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martinchik</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мартинчик Арсений Николаевич – д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории демографии и эпидемиологии питания</p><p>Устьинский проезд, д. 2/14 г. Москва, 109240</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arseniy N. Martinchik, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Scientist, Laboratory of Demography and Nutritional Epidemiology</p><p>2/14 Ustyinsky Driveway, Moscow, 109240</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arsmartin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7007-621X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батурин</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baturin</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Батурин Александр Константинович – д.м.н., профессор, руководитель направления «Оптимальное питание»</p><p>Устьинский проезд, д. 2/14 г. Москва, 109240</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr K. Baturin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Optimal Nutrition Department</p><p>2/14 Ustyinsky Driveway, Moscow, 109240</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baturin@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартинчик</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martinchik</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мартинчик Эвелина Арсеньевна – к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории витаминов и минеральных веществ</p><p>Устьинский проезд, д. 2/14 г. Москва, 109240</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evelina A. Martinchik, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Vitamins and Minerals</p><p>2/14 Ustyinsky Driveway, Moscow, 109240</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evamart@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитюк</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikityuk</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитюк Дмитрий Борисович – д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, директор</p><p>Устьинский проезд, д. 2/14 г. Москва, 109240</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry B. Nikityuk, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p><p>2/14 Ustyinsky Driveway, Moscow, 109240</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мартинчик А.Н., Батурин А.К., Мартинчик Э.А., Никитюк Д.Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мартинчик А.Н., Батурин А.К., Мартинчик Э.А., Никитюк Д.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Martinchik A.N., Baturin A.K., Martinchik E.A., Nikityuk D.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2812">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2812</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Доступность пищи, необходимой для сохранения здоровья и реализации генетического потенциала роста и развития детей, приобретает актуальность в многодетных семьях, где финансовые ограничения могут быть препятствием для обеспечения полноценного питания.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: провести многомерный анализ характера питания многодетных семей, имеющих трое и более детей в возрасте до 18 лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: проанализированы микроданные выборочного обследования питания членов домохозяйств во всех субъектах России, проведенного в 2023 г. Федеральной службой Государственной статистики. В анализ включены 34 077 членов семей, имеющих детей в возрасте до 18 лет, из них 19 160 взрослых и 14 917 детей. Фактическое питание изучалось методом 24-часового воспроизведения питания. Обработку первичного материала и статистический анализ проводили с помощью IBM SPSS Statistics v.20.0, США.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: среднедушевые доходы 88 % членов семей с 3 и более детьми включаются в низшие 1-й и 2-й квинтили доходов. Рацион питания по % энергии макронутриентов характеризуется снижением квоты белка, жира и насыщенных жирных кислот, но увеличением квоты общих углеводов, полисахаридов и добавленного сахара при увеличении числа детей в семье. Вклад продуктов в потребление энергии и белка в многодетных семьях ниже за счет молочных и рыбопродуктов, но выше за счет хлебопродуктов, крупяных блюд, первых обеденных блюд, а вклад мясных продуктов, овощей, картофеля и фруктов не зависит от числа детей в семье. В рационе многодетных семей отмечается снижение массы кисломолочных продуктов, сыров, творога, колбасных изделий, рыбопродуктов, фруктов и овощей. Потребление мяса животных и птицы, картофеля, молока питьевого, масла сливочного и кондитерских сахаристых изделий не зависит от числа детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: многоуровневая оценка характера питания детей в многодетных семьях позволяет с определенной долей уверенности заключить об отсутствии драматических по своим последствиям для здоровья нарушений обеспеченности макронутриентами и энергией.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: Availability of food necessary for maintaining health and growth of children is becoming relevant in multiple child families, where financial constraints can be an obstacle to ensuring adequate nutrition.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To conduct a multivariate analysis of the dietary intake in large families with three or more children under the age of 18.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: We have analyzed microdata from a sample survey of the diet of household members in all Russian regions conducted in 2023 by the Federal State Statistics Service. The analysis included 34,077 members of the families with children under the age of 18, including 19,160 adults and 14,917 children. The dietary intake was studied by the 24-hour recall. Initial data processing and statistical analysis were carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics v.20.0, USA.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The per capita income of 88 % of members of the families with three or more children is in the lower first and second income quintiles. In terms of the proportion of the macronutrients, an increase in the number of children in the family is associated with the diet that is more deficient in proteins, fats, and saturated fatty acids, but more abundant in total carbohydrates, polysaccharides, and added sugar. The contribution of dairy and fish products to energy and protein consumption in large families is lower but that of bakery products, cereals, soups is higher, while the contribution of meat products, vegetables, potatoes, and fruits does not depend on the number of children in the family. The diet of large families is noted for a lower intake of fermented dairy products, cheese, cottage cheese, sausages, fish products, fruits and vegetables. At the same time, the consumption of meat and poultry, potatoes, liquid milk, butter and confectionery does not depend on the number of children.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: A comprehensive multi-level assessment of the nutritional status of children in large families allows us to conclude with a certain degree of confidence that there are no dramatic health consequences for disruptions in the provision of macronutrients and energy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фактическое питание</kwd><kwd>потребление энергии</kwd><kwd>потребление макронутриентов</kwd><kwd>число детей в семье</kwd><kwd>многодетные семьи</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>взрослые</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dietary intake</kwd><kwd>energy consumption</kwd><kwd>macronutrient intake</kwd><kwd>number of children in the family</kwd><kwd>large families</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adults</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование проведено в рамках темы госзадания № FGMF-2025-0010</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted within the framework of government assignment No. FGMF-2025-0010.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тутельян В.А. 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