<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2025-33-6-7-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-2700</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ГИГИЕНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование показателя временной нетрудоспособности в практике  управления здравоохранением в зарубежных странах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Use of Sickness Absence Rates in Foreign Healthcare Management</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9612-8815</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Канев</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kanev</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канев Александр Федорович – аналитик отдела аналитики и мониторинга</p><p>ул. Добролюбова, д. 11, г. Москва, 127254</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander F. Kanev - Аnalyst, Department of Analysis and Monitoring</p><p>11 Dobrolyubov Street, Moscow, 127254</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kanev.af@ssmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1896-6420</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куракова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurakova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Куракова Наталия Глебовна – д.б.н., заведующая отделом аналитики и мониторинга</p><p> ул. Добролюбова, д. 11, г. Москва, 127254</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Natalia G. Kurakova - Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Department of Analysis and Monitoring</p><p>11 Dobrolyubov Street, Moscow, 127254</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">idmz@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6567-4235</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кармина</surname><given-names>Р. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karmina</surname><given-names>R. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Кармина Раиса Леонидовна – заведующая научно-техническим и редакционным отделом</p><p>ул. Добролюбова, д. 11, г. Москва, 127254</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raisa L. Karmina - Head of the Scientific, Technical and Editorial Department</p><p>11 Dobrolyubov Street, Moscow, 127254</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karminarl@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения» &#13;
Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения» &#13;
Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Health, 11 Dobrolyubov Street, Moscow, 127254</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Канев А.Ф., Куракова Н.Г., Кармина Р.Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Канев А.Ф., Куракова Н.Г., Кармина Р.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kanev A.F., Kurakova N.G., Karmina R.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2700">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2700</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ввод целевого показателя «Снижение к 2030 г. суммарной продолжительности временной нетрудоспособности граждан в трудоспособном возрасте…» может быть интерпретирован как установка на увеличение роли системы здравоохранения в создании совокупной валовой добавленной стоимости, поскольку состояние здоровья людей определяет качество кадрового потенциала страны, непосредственно влияя на производительность труда  и определяя перспективы экономического роста.</p><p> Цель исследования – обзор зарубежных публикаций, отражающих использование показателя временной нетрудоспособности в практике управления здравоохранением в зарубежных странах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Представлен литературный обзор результатов научных исследований на основе источников, отобранных в библиометрических базах данных Web of Science, Scopus и Google Scholar. Исследование основывалось на анализе научных статей за период 2019–2024 гг., поиск которых проводился по ключевым словам: «productivity loss» OR «absenteeism» OR «presenteeism» AND «economic evaluation». Изучено 58 зарубежных публикаций, релевантных сформулированной цели.</p></sec><sec><title> Результаты</title><p> Результаты. Проанализированы методы и подходы к оценке экономических потерь, связанные со снижением продуктивности рабочей силы в результате заболеваемости, в разрезе мер, которые направлены на сокращение временной нетрудоспособности, включающие мультидисциплинарные программы реабилитации, поведенческую терапию, программы по уменьшению стресса, образовательные сессии, консультирование, физические тренировки, многокомпонентные воздействия и т. п. Показано, что наиболее экономически эффективным типом вмешательства являются медицинские онлайн-консультации заболевших. Одновременно выявлено, что программы профилактики и лечения конкретных заболеваний эффективнее программ укрепления здоровья и вместе с тем сильнее снижают неявки на работу (absenteeism), чем повышают производительность труда работающих заболевших (presenteeism), экономический ущерб от которой значительно выше. Тем самым presenteeism является важнейшим недооцененным элементом, определяющим непрямые экономические потери, связанные с заболеваемостью рабочей силы.</p></sec><sec><title> Заключение</title><p> Заключение. Зарубежные исследования все чаще обращают внимание на проблему снижения производительности труда больных сотрудников, находящихся на рабочем месте. Потери от «переноса болезни на ногах» значительно превышают потери от отсутствия на рабочем месте, что требует разработки единых методов оценки и стратегий противодействия, которых на сегодня в России не существует. В условиях высокой закредитованности российского населения и его опасений потерять рабочие места игнорировать presenteeism недопустимо.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: Introduction of the target indicator providing for a decrease in time lost from work due to illness or injury among the Russian workforce by the year 2030 can be interpreted as a guideline to increase contribution of the healthcare system to the total gross value added, since human health status determines the quality of the human resources of the country, thus affecting productivity and the prospects for economic growth.</p></sec><sec><title> Objective</title><p> Objective: To review recent publications devoted to the use of sickness absence rates in healthcare management in foreign countries.</p></sec><sec><title> Materials and methods</title><p> Materials and methods: We reviewed the results of scientific research based on 58 foreign publications issued in 20192024 and found in the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar bibliometric databases using the following keywords: productivity loss OR absenteeism OR presenteeism AND economic evaluation.</p></sec><sec><title> Results</title><p> Results: We analyzed methods and approaches to assessing economic damages due to health-related productivity loss in the context of measures aimed at reducing sickness absenteeism, including multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs, behavioral therapy, stress reduction programs, educational sessions, counseling, physical training, multicomponent effects, etc. Online medical consultations for patients were found to be the most cost effective type of intervention. At the same time, programs for prevention and treatment of specific diseases demonstrated better efficiency than workplace wellness programs as they reduced absenteeism instead of increasing presenteeism, the economic damage from which was much higher. Thus, presenteeism is the major underestimated element accounting for indirect economic losses associated with morbidity in the workforce.</p></sec><sec><title> Conclusions</title><p> Conclusions: Foreign scientists pay increasingly more attention to the problem of reduced productivity levels in those working while sick. Economic losses from presenteeism significantly exceed those from sickness absence, which requires the development of common evaluation methods and counteraction strategies, which are currently nonexistent in the Russian Federation. Given the high debt burden of the population and fears of job loss, it is unacceptable to ignore presenteeism.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>целевые показатели</kwd><kwd>временная нетрудоспособность</kwd><kwd>продолжительность</kwd><kwd>трудоспособное  население</kwd><kwd>экономические потери от заболеваемости</kwd><kwd>алгоритмы оценки</kwd><kwd>снижение производительности труда.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>target indicators</kwd><kwd>sick leave</kwd><kwd>duration</kwd><kwd>working-age population</kwd><kwd>economic losses due to health-related  absenteeism</kwd><kwd>evaluation algorithms</kwd><kwd>productivity loss</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis K, Collins SR, Doty MM, Ho A, Holmgren A. Health and productivity among U.S. workers. Issue Brief (Com monw Fund). 2005;(856):1-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis K, Collins SR, Doty MM, Ho A, Holmgren A. Health and productivity among U.S. workers. Issue Brief (Com monw Fund). 2005;(856):1-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Morganstein D, Lipton R. Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce. JAMA. 2003;290(18):2443-2454. doi: 10.1001/jama.290.18.2443</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Morganstein D, Lipton R.  Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce. JAMA. 2003;290(18):2443-2454. doi: 10.1001/jama.290.18.2443</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goetzel RZ, Long SR, Ozminkowski RJ, Hawkins K, Wang S, Lynch W. Health, absence, disability, and presenteeism cost estimates of certain physical and mental health conditions affecting U.S. employers. J Occup Environ Med. 2004;46(4):398-412. doi: 10.1097/01.jom.0000121151.40413.bd</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goetzel RZ, Long SR, Ozminkowski RJ, Hawkins K, Wang S, Lynch W. Health, absence, disability, and presenteeism cost estimates of certain physical and mental health conditions affecting U.S. employers. J Occup Environ Med. 2004;46(4):398-412. doi: 10.1097/01.jom.0000121151.40413.bd</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reid MG. Economics of Household Production. New York: Wiley &amp; Sons; 1934.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reid MG. Economics of Household Production. New York: Wiley &amp; Sons; 1934.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mattke S, Balakrishnan A, Bergamo G, Newberry SJ. A review of methods to measure health-related productivity loss. Am J Manag Care. 2007;13(4):211-217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mattke S, Balakrishnan A, Bergamo G, Newberry SJ. A review of methods to measure health-related productivity loss. Am J Manag Care. 2007;13(4):211-217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jones C, Verstappen SMM, Payne K. A systematic review of productivity in economic evaluations of workplace interventions: A need for reporting criteria? Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2019;17(5):591-613. doi: 10.1007/s40258-019-00473-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jones C, Verstappen SMM, Payne K. A systematic review of productivity in economic evaluations of workplace interventions: A need for reporting criteria? Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2019;17(5):591-613. doi: 10.1007/s40258-019-00473-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gardner BT, Dale AM, Buckner-Petty S, Van Dillen L, Amick BC 3rd, Evanoff B. Comparison of employer productivity metrics to lost productivity estimated by commonly used questionnaires. J Occup Environ Med. 2016;58(2):170-177. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000587</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gardner BT, Dale AM, Buckner-Petty S, Van Dillen L,  Amick BC 3rd, Evanoff B. Comparison of employer productivity metrics to lost productivity estimated  by commonly used questionnaires. J Occup Environ  Med. 2016;58(2):170-177. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000587</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magnavita N, Meraglia I, Viti G, Borghese L. The work ability index (WAI) in the healthcare sector: A cross-sectional/retrospective assessment of the questionnaire. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024;21(3):349. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21030349</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magnavita N, Meraglia I, Viti G, Borghese L. The work ability index (WAI) in the healthcare sector: A cross-sectional/retrospective assessment of the questionnaire. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024;21(3):349. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21030349</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lerner D, Amick BC 3rd, Rogers WH, Malspeis S, Bungay K, Cynn D. The work limitations questionnaire. Med Care. 2001;39(1):72-85. doi: 10.1097/00005650-200101000-00009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lerner D, Amick BC 3rd, Rogers WH, Malspeis S, Bungay K,  Cynn D. The work limitations questionnaire. Med Care. 2001;39(1):72-85. doi: 10.1097/00005650-200101000-00009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, et al. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45(2):156-174. doi: 10.1097/01.jom.0000052967.43131.51</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, et al. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45(2):156-174. doi: 10.1097/01.jom.0000052967.43131.51</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire. Accessed June 5, 2025. https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/media/studies/mapp2sps/Forms/MAP-PII_WPAI_v2.0.20150306.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire. Accessed June 5, 2025. https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/media/studies/mapp2sps/Forms/MAP-PII_WPAI_v2.0.20150306.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">iMTA. Treatment Inventory of Costs in Patients with psychiatric disorders. Accessed June 5, 2025. https://www.imta.nl/questionnaires/tic-p</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">iMTA. Treatment Inventory of Costs in Patients with psychiatric disorders. Accessed June 5, 2025. https://www.imta.nl/questionnaires/tic-p</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koopmanschap MA. PRODISQ: A modular questionnaire on productivity and disease for economic evaluation studies. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2005;5(1):23-28. doi: 10.1586/14737167.5.1.23</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koopmanschap MA. PRODISQ: A modular questionnaire on productivity and disease for economic evaluation studies. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2005;5(1):23-28. doi: 10.1586/14737167.5.1.23</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">iMTA. Productivity Cost Questionnaire. Accessed June 5, 2025. https://www.imta.nl/questionnaires/ipcq/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">iMTA. Productivity Cost Questionnaire. Accessed June 5, 2025. https://www.imta.nl/questionnaires/ipcq/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pokrzywinski RM, Soliman AM, Chen J, et al. Psychometric assessment of the health-related productivity questionnaire (HRPQ) among women with endometriosis. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2020;20(5):531-539. doi: 10.1080/14737167.2019.1662301</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokrzywinski RM, Soliman AM, Chen J, et al. Psychometric assessment of the health-related productivity questionnaire (HRPQ) among women with endometriosis. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2020;20(5):531-539. doi: 10.1080/14737167.2019.1662301</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Roijen L, Essink-Bot ML, Koopmanschap M, Bonsel G, Rutten FF. Labor and health status in economic evaluation of health care. The Health and Labor Questionnaire. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 1996;12(3):405-415. doi: 10.1017/s0266462300009764</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Roijen L, Essink-Bot ML, Koopmanschap M, Bonsel G, Rutten FF. Labor and health status in economic evaluation of health care. The Health and Labor Questionnaire. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 1996;12(3):405-415. doi: 10.1017/s0266462300009764</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shephard C, Hirst A, Buckland A, Vlachaki I, Wang-Silvanto J. Three methods for measuring productivity losses due to health related presenteeism in economic evaluations. Value Health. 2016;19(7):A364-A365. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.09.107</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shephard C, Hirst A, Buckland A, Vlachaki I, Wang-Silvanto J. Three methods for measuring productivity losses due to health related presenteeism in economic evaluations. Value Health. 2016;19(7):A364-A365. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.09.107</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krol M, Papenburg J, Koopmanschap M, Brouwer W. Do productivity costs matter?: The impact of including productivity costs on the incremental costs of interventions targeted at depressive disorders. Pharmacoeconomics. 2011;29(7):601-619. doi: 10.2165/11539970-000000000-00000</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krol M, Papenburg J, Koopmanschap M, Brouwer W. Do  productivity costs matter?: The impact of including  productivity costs on the incremental costs of interventions targeted at depressive disorders. Pharmacoeconomics. 2011;29(7):601-619. doi: 10.2165/11539970-000000000-00000</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krol M, Papenburg J, Tan SS, Brouwer W, Hakkaart L. A noticeable difference? Productivity costs related to paid and unpaid work in economic evaluations on expensive drugs. Eur J Health Econ. 2016;17(4):391-402. doi: 10.1007/s10198-015-0685-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krol M, Papenburg J, Tan SS, Brouwer W, Hakkaart L. A noticeable difference? Productivity costs related to paid and unpaid work in economic evaluations on expensive drugs. Eur J Health Econ. 2016;17(4):391-402. doi: 10.1007/s10198-015-0685-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capri S, Ceci A, Terranova L, Merlo F, Mantovani L, Members of the Italian Group for Pharmacoeconomic Studies. Guidelines for economic evaluations in Italy: Recommendations from the Italian Goup of Pharmacoeconomic Studies. Drug Inf J. 2001;35(1):189-201. doi: 10.1177/009286150103500122</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Capri S, Ceci A, Terranova L, Merlo F, Mantovani L, Members of the Italian Group for Pharmacoeconomic Studies. Guidelines for economic evaluations in Italy: Recommendations from the Italian Goup of Pharmacoeconomic Studies. Drug Inf J. 2001;35(1):189-201. doi: 10.1177/009286150103500122</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Healthcare (IQWiG) [Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen]. General methods. Version 4.2 of 22 April 2015. Accessed June 5, 2025. https://www.iqwig.de/methoden/iqwig_general_methods_version_204-2.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Healthcare (IQWiG) [Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen]. General methods. Version 4.2 of  22 April 2015. Accessed June 5, 2025. https://www.iqwig.de/methoden/iqwig_general_methods_version_204-2.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Norwegian Medicines Agency. PE Guidelines: Guidelines on how to conduct pharmacoeconomic analyses (March, 2012). Accessed June 5, 2025. https://www.ispor.org/heor-resources/more-heor-resources/pharmacoeconomic-guidelines/pe-guideline-detail/norway</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Norwegian Medicines Agency. PE Guidelines: Guidelines on how to conduct pharmacoeconomic analyses (March, 2012). Accessed June 5, 2025. https://www.ispor.org/heor-resources/more-heor-resources/pharmacoeconomic-guidelines/pe-guideline-detail/norway</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kostenhandleiding: Methodologie van Kostenonderzoek en Referentieprijzen voor Economische Evaluaties in de Gezondheidszorg. Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; 2016. (In German.) Accessed June 5, 2025. https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/bkosten-handleiding-bvoor-economische-evaluaties-in-de-gezondheids</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostenhandleiding: Methodologie van Kostenonderzoek en Referentieprijzen voor Economische Evaluaties  in de Gezondheidszorg. Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam,  Rotterdam, the Netherlands; 2016. (In German.) Accessed June 5, 2025. https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/bkosten-handleiding-bvoor-economische-evaluaties-in-de-gezondheids</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sivignon M, Eymere S, Vilery N, Tardu J. HTA287 impact of the 2020 update of the French Guidelines for Economic Evaluation on the Economic Opinions issued by the Economic Evaluation and Public Health Committee (CEESP). Value Health. 2023;26(12):S375-S376. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2023.09.1970</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sivignon M, Eymere S, Vilery N, Tardu J. HTA287 impact of the 2020 update of the French Guidelines for Economic Evaluation on the Economic Opinions issued by the Economic Evaluation and Public Health Committee (CEESP). Value Health. 2023;26(12):S375-S376. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2023.09.1970</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hubens K, Krol M, Coast J, et al. Measurement instruments of productivity loss of paid and unpaid work: A systematic review and assessment of suitability for health economic evaluations from a societal perspective. Value Health. 2021;24(11):1686-1699. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.05.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hubens K, Krol M, Coast J, et al. Measurement instruments of productivity loss of paid and unpaid work: A systematic review and assessment of suitability for health economic evaluations from a societal perspective. Value Health. 2021;24(11):1686-1699. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.05.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchell RJ, Bates P. Measuring health-related productivity loss. Popul Health Manag. 2011;14(2):93-98. doi: 10.1089/pop.2010.0014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchell RJ, Bates P. Measuring health-related productivity loss. Popul Health Manag. 2011;14(2):93-98. doi: 10.1089/pop.2010.0014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Public Health Agency of Canada. The Economic Burden of Illness in Canada, 2010. Accessed June 5, 2025. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/science-research-data/economic-burden-illness-canada-2010.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Public Health Agency of Canada. The Economic Burden of Illness in Canada, 2010. Accessed June 5, 2025. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/science-research-data/economic-burden-illness-canada-2010.html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuasa A, Yonemoto N, LoPresti M, Ikeda S. Use of productivity loss/gain in cost-effectiveness analyses for drugs: A systematic review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2021;39(1):81-97. doi: 10.1007/s40273-020-00986-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuasa A, Yonemoto N, LoPresti M, Ikeda S. Use of productivity loss/gain in cost-effectiveness analyses for drugs: A systematic review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2021;39(1):81-97. doi: 10.1007/s40273-020-00986-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuasa A, Yonemoto N, LoPresti M, Ikeda S. Produc tivity loss/gain in cost-effectiveness analyses for vaccines: A systematic review. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2021;21(2):235-245. doi: 10.1080/14737167.2021.1881484</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuasa A, Yonemoto N, LoPresti M, Ikeda S. Produc tivity loss/gain in cost-effectiveness analyses  for vaccines: A systematic review. Expert Rev  Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2021;21(2):235-245. doi: 10.1080/14737167.2021.1881484</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordois AL, Toth PP, Quek RG, Proudfoot EM, Paoli CJ, Gandra SR. Productivity losses associated with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2016;16(6):759-769. doi: 10.1080/14737167.2016.1259571</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordois AL, Toth PP, Quek RG, Proudfoot EM, Paoli CJ, Gandra SR. Productivity losses associated with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2016;16(6):759-769. doi: 10.1080/14737167.2016.1259571</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park H, Lee DW, Lee JH, Cho SS, Kim HR, Kang MY. The association between organizational justice and health-related productivity loss among Korean employees. J Occup Environ Med. 2022;64(5):377-381. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002489</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park H, Lee DW, Lee JH, Cho SS, Kim HR, Kang MY. The association between organizational justice and health-related productivity loss among Korean employees. J Occup Environ Med. 2022;64(5):377-381. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002489</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu L, Chen Y. Association between suboptimal health status and health-related productivity loss in primary healthcare workers in China: A cross-sectional survey. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2024;17:1349-1359. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S456058</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu L, Chen Y. Association between suboptimal health status and health-related productivity loss in primary healthcare workers in China: A cross-sectional survey. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2024;17:1349-1359. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S456058</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soliman AM, Anand SB, Coyne KS, Castelli-Haley J, Snabes M, Owens CD. Examining the relationship between symptomatic burden and self-reported productivity losses among patients with uterine fibroids in the United States. J Occup Environ Med. 2017;59(10):974-981. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001105</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soliman AM, Anand SB, Coyne KS, Castelli-Haley J, Snabes M, Owens CD. Examining the relationship between  symptomatic burden and self-reported productivity losses among patients with uterine fibroids in the United States. J Occup Environ Med. 2017;59(10):974-981. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001105</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soliman AM, Yang H, Du EX, Kelley C, Winkel C. The direct and indirect costs associated with endometriosis: A systematic literature review. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(4):712-722. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dev335</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soliman AM, Yang H, Du EX, Kelley C, Winkel C. The direct and indirect costs associated with endometriosis: A systematic literature review. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(4):712-722. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dev335</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pereira MJ, Johnston V, Straker LM, et al. An investigation of self-reported health-related productivity loss in office workers and associations with individual and work-related factors using an employer’s perspective. J Occup Environ Med. 2017;59(7):e138-e144. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pereira MJ, Johnston V, Straker LM, et al. An investigation of self-reported health-related productivity loss in office workers and associations with individual and work-related factors using an employer’s perspective. J Occup Environ Med. 2017;59(7):e138-e144. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001043</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brunner B, Igic I, Keller AC, Wieser S. Who gains the most from improving working conditions? Health-related absenteeism and presenteeism due to stress at work. Eur J Health Econ. 2019;20(8):1165-1180. doi: 10.1007/s10198-019-01084-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brunner B, Igic I, Keller AC, Wieser S. Who gains the most from improving working conditions? Health-related absenteeism and presenteeism due to stress at work. Eur J Health Econ. 2019;20(8):1165-1180. doi: 10.1007/s10198-019-01084-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouwmans CA, Vemer P, van Straten A, Tan SS, Hakkaart-van Roijen L. Health-related quality of life and productivity losses in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. J Occup Environ Med. 2014;56(4):420-424. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000112</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouwmans CA, Vemer P, van Straten A, Tan SS, Hakkaart-van Roijen L. Health-related quality of life and productivity losses in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. J Occup Environ Med. 2014;56(4):420-424. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000112</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bialowolski P, McNeely E, VanderWeele TJ, Weziak-Bialowolska D. Ill health and distraction at work: Costs and drivers for productivity loss. PLoS One. 2020;15(3):e0230562. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230562</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bialowolski P, McNeely E, VanderWeele TJ, Weziak-Bialowolska D. Ill health and distraction at work: Costs and drivers for productivity loss. PLoS One. 2020;15(3):e0230562. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230562</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goettler A, Grosse A, Sonntag D. Productivity loss due to overweight and obesity: A systematic review of indirect costs. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e014632. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014632</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goettler A, Grosse A, Sonntag D. Productivity loss due to overweight and obesity: A systematic review of indirect costs. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e014632. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014632</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song Z, Baicker K. Effect of a workplace wellness program on employee health and economic outcomes: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;321(15):1491-1501. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.3307</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song Z, Baicker K. Effect of a workplace wellness program on employee health and economic outcomes: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;321(15):1491-1501. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.3307</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song Z, Baicker K. Health and economic outcomes up to three years after a workplace wellness program: A randomized controlled trial. Health Aff (Millwood). 2021;40(6):951-960. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01808</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song Z, Baicker K. Health and economic outcomes  up to three years after a workplace wellness program: A randomized controlled trial. Health Aff (Millwood). 2021;40(6):951-960. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01808</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonatesta L, Palermi S, Sirico F, et al. Short-term economic evaluation of physical activity-based corporate health programs: A systematic review. J Occup Health. 2024;66(1):uiae002. doi: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonatesta L, Palermi S, Sirico F, et al. Short-term economic evaluation of physical activity-based corporate health programs: A systematic review. J Occup Health. 2024;66(1):uiae002. doi: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernaards CM, Bosmans JE, Hildebrandt VH, van Tulder MW, Heymans MW. The cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle physical activity intervention in addition to a work style intervention on recovery from neck and upper limb symptoms and pain reduction in computer workers. Occup Environ Med. 2011;68(4):265-272. doi: 10.1136/oem.2008.045450</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernaards CM, Bosmans JE, Hildebrandt VH, van Tulder MW, Heymans MW. The cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle physical activity intervention in addition to a work style intervention on recovery from neck and upper limb symptoms and pain reduction in computer workers. Occup Environ Med. 2011;68(4):265-272. doi: 10.1136/oem.2008.045450</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Proper KI, de Bruyne MC, Hildebrandt VH, van der Beek AJ, Meerding WJ, van Mechelen W. Costs, benefits and effectiveness of worksite physical activity counseling from the employer’s perspective. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2004;30(1):36-46. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.763</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proper KI, de Bruyne MC, Hildebrandt VH, van der  Beek AJ, Meerding WJ, van Mechelen W. Costs, benefits and effectiveness of worksite physical activity counseling from the employer’s perspective. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2004;30(1):36-46. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.763</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baid D, Hayles E, Finkelstein EA. Return on investment of workplace wellness programs for chronic disease prevention: A systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2021;61(2):256-266. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.02.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baid D, Hayles E, Finkelstein EA. Return on investment of workplace wellness programs for chronic disease prevention: A systematic review. Am J Prev  Med. 2021;61(2):256-266. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.02.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Unsal N, Weaver G, Bray J, Bibeau D. A scoping review of economic evaluations of workplace wellness programs. Public Health Rep. 2021;136(6):671-684. doi: 10.1177/0033354920976557</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Unsal N, Weaver G, Bray J, Bibeau D. A scoping review of economic evaluations of workplace wellness programs. Public Health Rep. 2021;136(6):671-684. doi: 10.1177/0033354920976557</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tingulstad A, Meneses-Echavez J, Evensen LH, Bjerk M, Berg RC. Effectiveness of work-related interventions for return to work in people on sick leave: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Syst Rev. 2022;11(1):192. doi: 10.1186/s13643-022-02055-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tingulstad A, Meneses-Echavez J, Evensen LH, Bjerk M,  Berg RC. Effectiveness of work-related interventions for return to work in people on sick leave: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Syst Rev. 2022;11(1):192. doi: 10.1186/s13643-022-02055-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brouwers EP, de Bruijne MC, Terluin B, Tiemens BG, Verhaak PF. Cost-effectiveness of an activating intervention by social workers for patients with minor mental disorders on sick leave: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Public Health. 2007;17(2):214-220. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckl099</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brouwers EP, de Bruijne MC, Terluin B, Tiemens BG, Verhaak PF. Cost-effectiveness of an activating intervention by social workers for patients with minor mental disorders on sick leave: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Public Health. 2007;17(2):214-220. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckl099</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rebergen DS, Bruinvels DJ, Bezemer PD, van der Beek AJ, van Mechelen W. Guideline-based care of common mental disorders by occupational physicians (CO-OP study): A randomized controlled trial. J Occup Environ Med. 2009;51(3):305-312. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181990d32</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rebergen DS, Bruinvels DJ, Bezemer PD, van der Beek AJ, van Mechelen W. Guideline-based care of common mental disorders by occupational physicians (CO-OP study): A randomized controlled trial. J Occup Environ Med. 2009;51(3):305-312. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181990d32</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verbeek JH, van der Weide WE, van Dijk FJ. Early occupational health management of patients with back pain – A randomized controlled trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27(17):1844-1851. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200209010-00006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verbeek JH, van der Weide WE, van Dijk FJ. Early  occupational health management of patients with back pain – A randomized controlled trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27(17):1844-1851. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200209010-00006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Viikari-Juntura E, Kausto J, Shiri R, et al. Return to work after early part-time sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2012;38(2):134-143. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3258</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viikari-Juntura E, Kausto J, Shiri R, et al. Return to work after early part-time sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2012;38(2):134-143. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3258</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Viikari-Juntura E, Leinonen T, Virta LJ, et al. Early part-time sick leave results in considerable savings in social security costs at national level: An analysis based on a quasi-experiment in Finland. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2019;45(2):203-208. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3780</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viikari-Juntura E, Leinonen T, Virta LJ, et al. Early part-time sick leave results in considerable savings in social security costs at national level: An analysis based on a quasi-experiment in Finland. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2019;45(2):203-208. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3780</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uegaki K, Bakker I, de Bruijne M, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a minimal intervention for stress-related sick leave in general practice: Results of an economic evaluation alongside a pragmatic randomised control trial. J Affect Disord. 2010;120(1-3):177-187. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.04.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uegaki K, Bakker I, de Bruijne M, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a minimal intervention for stress-related sick leave in general practice: Results of an economic evaluation alongside a pragmatic randomised control trial. J Affect Disord. 2010;120(1-3):177-187. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.04.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hlobil H, Uegaki K, Staal JB, de Bruyne MC, Smid T, van Mechelen W. Substantial sick-leave costs savings due to a graded activity intervention for workers with non-specific sub-acute low back pain. Eur Spine J. 2007;16(7):919-924. doi: 10.1007/s00586-006-0283-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hlobil H, Uegaki K, Staal JB, de Bruyne MC, Smid T, van Mechelen W. Substantial sick-leave costs savings due to a graded activity intervention for workers  with non-specific sub-acute low back pain. Eur Spine  J. 2007;16(7):919-924. doi: 10.1007/s00586-006-0283-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jensen C, Nielsen CV, Jensen OK, Petersen KD. Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses of a multidisciplinary intervention compared with a brief intervention to facilitate return to work in sick-listed patients with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(13):1059-1067. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e-31828ca0af</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jensen C, Nielsen CV, Jensen OK, Petersen KD. Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses of a multidisciplinary intervention compared with a brief intervention to facilitate return to work in sick-listed patients with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(13):1059-1067. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e-31828ca0af</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lawrance N, Petrides G, Guerry AM. Predicting employee absenteeism for cost effective interventions. Decis Support Syst. 2021;147:113539. doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2021.113539</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lawrance N, Petrides G, Guerry AM. Predicting employee absenteeism for cost effective interventions. Decis Support Syst. 2021;147:113539. doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2021.113539</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tarro L, Llauradó E, Ulldemolins G, Hermoso P, Solà R. Effectiveness of workplace interventions for improving absenteeism, productivity, and work ability of employees: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6):1901. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17061901</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarro L, Llauradó E, Ulldemolins G, Hermoso P, Solà R.  Effectiveness of workplace interventions for improving absenteeism, productivity, and work ability  of employees: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6):1901. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17061901</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt B, Schneider M, Seeger P, van Vianen A, Loerbroks A, Herr RM. A comparison of job stress models: Associations with employee well-being, absenteeism, presenteeism, and resulting costs. J Occup Environ Med. 2019;61(7):535-544. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001582</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt B, Schneider M, Seeger P, van Vianen A, Loerbroks A, Herr RM. A comparison of job stress models: Associations with employee well-being, absenteeism, presenteeism, and resulting costs.  J Occup Environ Med. 2019;61(7):535-544. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001582</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
