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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2026-34-1-66-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-2698</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOOD HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль пищевых факторов в профилактике возрастных когнитивных расстройств: описательный обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Role of Dietary Factors in Prevention of Age-Related Cognitive Impairment: A Descriptive Literature Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7328-5698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Генералов</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Generalov</surname><given-names>Vasily O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Генералов Василий Олегович – д.м.н., профессор, врач-невролог, эпилептолог, руководитель клиники,</p><p>Варшавское ш., д. 13, стр. 2, г. Москва, 117105.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily O. Generalov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof.; Neurologist, Epileptologist, Head of the Clinic,</p><p>13, Varshavskoe Highway, Moscow, 117105.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">planetamed@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-3864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюшник</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyushnik</surname><given-names>Tatiana P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клюшник Татьяна Павловна – д.м.н., профессор, руководитель научного отдела клиники,</p><p>Варшавское ш., д. 13, стр. 2, г. Москва, 117105.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana P. Klyushnik, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof.; Head of the Scientific Department, </p><p>13, Varshavskoe Highway, Moscow, 117105.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klushnik2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-7537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ободзинская</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obodzinskaya</surname><given-names>Tatiana E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ободзинская Татьяна Евгеньевна – врач-психиатр, психотерапевт, заведующий отделением митохондриальной медицины клиники,</p><p>Варшавское ш., д. 13, стр. 2, г. Москва, 117105.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana E. Obodzinskaya, Psychiatrist, Psychotherapist, Head of Department of Mitochondrial Medicine, </p><p>13, Varshavskoe Highway, Moscow, 117105.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.obodzinskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4238-5634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александренкова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrenkova</surname><given-names>Angelina N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александренкова Ангелина Николаевна – врач-биохимик клиники,</p><p>Варшавское ш., д. 13, стр. 2, г. Москва, 117105.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Angelina N. Aleksandrenkova, Clinical Biochemist,</p><p>13, Varshavskoe Highway, Moscow, 117105.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.aleksandrenkova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8893-6402</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларионов</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larionov</surname><given-names>Gennady V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ларионов Геннадий Владимирович – врач-биохимик клиники,</p><p>Варшавское ш., д. 13, стр. 2, г. Москва, 117105.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady V. Larionov, Clinical Biochemist,</p><p>13, Varshavskoe Highway, Moscow, 117105.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gena13666@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-8172</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фридман</surname><given-names>Р. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fridman</surname><given-names>Roman K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фридман Роман Кириллович – к.м.н., главный врач,</p><p>Варшавское ш., д. 19A, г. Москва, 117105.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman K. Fridman, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Chief of the Federal Center,</p><p>19A, Varshavskoe Highway, Moscow, 117105.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gsen@fcgie.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0981-5146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Natalia N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Наталья Николаевна – первый заместитель главного врача,</p><p>Варшавское ш., д. 19A, г. Москва, 117105.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia N. Zakharova, First Deputy Chief of the Federal Center,</p><p>19A, Varshavskoe Highway, Moscow, 117105.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gsen@fcgie.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника «ПланетаМед»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>PlanetaMed Clinic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУЗ «Федеральный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Генералов В.О., Клюшник Т.П., Ободзинская Т.Е., Александренкова А.Н., Ларионов Г.В., Фридман Р.К., Захарова Н.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Генералов В.О., Клюшник Т.П., Ободзинская Т.Е., Александренкова А.Н., Ларионов Г.В., Фридман Р.К., Захарова Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Generalov V.O., Klyushnik T.P., Obodzinskaya T.E., Aleksandrenkova A.N., Larionov G.V., Fridman R.K., Zakharova N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2698">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2698</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В настоящее время не существует эффективных фармацевтических методов лечения возрастных когнитивных нарушений и деменции, поэтому важную роль играет их профилактика.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: обобщение опубликованных данных, посвященных оценке влияния различных пищевых факторов на когнитивное функционирование и ассоциированных с ним патологических процессов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Поиск публикаций проводился в электронных базах данных MEDLINE и Google Scholar. Глубина поиска составила 36 лет. Авторы отобрали 72 исследования, содержащих эмпирическую оценку роли пищевых факторов в профилактике возрастных когнитивных расстройств. Выполнен описательный анализ отобранных источников.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлено, что избыточное потребление свободных и рафинированных сахаров ассоциировано с ухудшением когнитивных показателей; повышенное потребление омега-3 ПНЖК связано со снижением риска возрастного когнитивного ухудшения, а насыщенных жиров – с повышенным риском. Показана связь высокого потребления белка с лучшими когнитивными исходами и положительная роль тирозина/триптофана на память и скорость реакции, высокое их потребление ассоциировано с меньшим риском когнитивного снижения и болезнью Альцгеймера; механизм – снижение оксидативного стресса; дефицит витамина D связан с повышенным риском когнитивных нарушений; достаточное употребление полифенолов демонстрирует нейропротекторные, нейропластические и противовоспалительные эффекты. Приверженность диетам оказывает влияние на когнитивный исход: средиземноморская диета связана с более низким риском легких когнитивных нарушений и болезни Альцгеймера; диета «Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay» разработана учеными с целью снижения риска когнитивных нарушений, замедления старения мозга и предотвращения развития болезни Альцгеймера; кетогенная/низкоуглеводная диета способствует улучшению памяти; «Западная» диета ассоциирована с ускоренным когнитивным снижением и повышенным риском деменции; усиливает воспаление и сосудисто-метаболические факторы риска.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В целом можно заключить, что подавляющее количество исследований свидетельствует о потенциальной пользе потребления определенных микроэлементов для когнитивного здоровья и снижения риска возрастных когнитивных нарушений в различных группах населения. Изменение образа жизни (модифицируемые факторы), и в первую очередь питания, является ключевой стратегией поддержания здоровья мозга в процессе старения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: No effective pharmaceutical treatment for age-related cognitive impairment and dementia is available nowadays, so prevention plays a key role.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To summarize published data on the influence of various dietary factors on cognitive functions and associated pathological processes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: We searched for publications on the topic issued over the previous 36 years in the MEDLINE and Google Scholar electronic databases, selected 72 studies containing an empirical assessment of the role of nutritional factors in preventing age-related cognitive disorders, and performed their descriptive analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Excessive intake of added and refined sugars is associated with impaired cognitive performance; increased intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with a lower risk of age-related cognitive decline while saturated fats pose a higher risk. High protein intake has been shown to correlate with better cognitive outcomes. Tyrosine and tryptophan have a positive effect on memory and reaction time so their high intake mitigates the risks of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease by reducing oxidative stress. Vitamin D deficiency is linked to an increased risk of cognitive impairments. Adequate polyphenol intake demonstrates neuroprotective, neuroplastic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Dietary adherence determines cognitive outcomes: commitment to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. The Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay was developed by scientists to reduce the risk of cognitive impairments, as well as to slow brain aging and prevent Alzheimer’s disease. The ketogenic/low-carbohydrate diet improves memory. The Western-style diet is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and an increased risk of dementia; it enhances inflammation and vascular-metabolic risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: Most studies suggest potential benefits of consuming certain micronutrients for cognitive health and lower risks of age-related cognitive disorders in different groups of population. Changes in modifiable lifestyle factors and, above all, nutrition are key strategies for maintaining brain health in aging.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивное снижение</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>образ жизни</kwd><kwd>питание</kwd><kwd>диетические протоколы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>lifestyle</kwd><kwd>nutrition</kwd><kwd>dietary protocols</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanaya AM, Lindquist K, Harris TB, et al. Total and regional adiposity and cognitive change in older adults: The Health, Aging and Body Composition (ABC) study. Arch Neurol. 2009;66(3):329-335. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2008.570</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanaya AM, Lindquist K, Harris TB, et al. 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