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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2025-33-12-33-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-2662</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRIC HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эмпирическое изучение учебной активности обучающихся с ограниченными возможностями здоровья</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Empirical Study of Learning Activities of Students with Disabilities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-3370</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубровина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubrovina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дубровина Екатерина Александровна - к.м.н. доцент, кафедры гигиены Института профилактической медицины им. З.П. Соловьёва.</p><p>Ул. Островитянова, д. 1, стр. 6, Москва, 117513</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Dubrovina - Cand. Sci. (Med) Associate Professor, Department of Hygiene.</p><p>Bldg 6, 1 Ostrovityanov Street, Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dubrovina_ea@rsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дубровина Е.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дубровина Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dubrovina E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2662">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2662</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Малоизученными остаются вопросы обучения детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья в классах с одинаковыми и разными заболеваниями, а также поиск оптимальных условий для развития их учебной активности.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: провести гигиеническую оценку и определить, насколько активно и эффективно обучающиеся с ограниченными возможностями здоровья вовлечены в учебный процесс.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании, проведенном с февраля по май 2022 г. в Москве и Московской области, участвовали 65 учащихся из 8 классов-комплектов начальной ступени обучения с нарушением интеллекта, задержкой психического развития, нарушениями опорно-двигательного аппарата, нарушениями слуха и речи, расстройством аутистического спектра и тяжелыми множественными нарушениями развития. Выборку составили 8 классов: 4 класса с разными нозологиями (N = 31) и 4 класса с одной (N = 34). В качестве основного метода был выбран хронометраж. Были разработаны специальные протоколы, фиксирующие длительность и последовательность элементов учебной активности на уроке. Вводные данные включали ступень обучения, день недели, предмет и его содержание.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Дети, обучающиеся в классах со схожими нозологиями, демонстрируют более длительную концентрацию на задании, меньшую отвлекаемость и реже нуждаются в смене деятельности (Mann – Whitney U-test U = 312,5, p = 0,002; Mann – Whitney U-test U = 270.0, p = 0,001 и Mann – Whitney U-test U = 362, p = 0,004 соответственно), более активны на уроке (вариация активности в диапазоне 83–100 %), чем дети в классе с различными видами нарушения (вариация активности в диапазоне 23–75 %) (p &lt; 0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ показал, что ученики со схожими нозологиями в специализированных учреждениях демонстрируют более высокую успеваемость по сравнению с детьми в классах с различными заболеваниями.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: Issues of teaching children with special educational needs in classes attended by students with similar or different disabilities, as well as the search for optimal conditions for developing their learning activities, remain poorly understood.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To establish intensity and efficiency of involvement of students with disabilities in the learning process.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in February to May 2022 in Moscow and the Moscow Region involving 65 elementary school students with intellectual disabilities, mental retardation, musculoskeletal disorders, hearing and speech disorders, autism spectrum disorder, and severe multiple developmental disorders. The sample consisted of four classes of children with different health conditions (n = 31) and four classes of those with the same condition (n = 34). Timing was the primary method. Special protocols were developed for this study to record the duration and sequence of learning activity elements during the lesson. Input data included the grade, day of the week, subject, and its content.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Children grouped by disability demonstrated longer concentration on tasks, were less easily distracted, and required rarer activity changes (Mann–Whitney U test: U = 312.5, p = 0.002; U = 270.0, p = 0.001; and U = 362, p = 0.004, respectively). They were more active during the lessons (activity variation ranged from 83 to 100 %) than children in mixed classes (23 to 75 %) (p &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: The results show that students with similar health conditions attending the same class of a special needs school demonstrate higher academic performance compared to their peers in mixed classes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обучение</kwd><kwd>дети с ограниченными возможностями здоровья</kwd><kwd>психическая активность обучающихся</kwd><kwd>образовательные модели</kwd><kwd>условия обучения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>learning</kwd><kwd>children with disabilities</kwd><kwd>mental activity of students</kwd><kwd>educational models</kwd><kwd>learning conditions</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research received no external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Войтович А.А. 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