<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2020-330-9-67-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-261</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальное изучение кардиотоксического действия наночастиц оксида свинца при разных путях поступления в организм</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The experimental study of cardiotoxic effects of lead oxide nanoparticles by their various routes of exposure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-8593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>Ильзира Амировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>Ilzira A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутункова</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutunkova</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0927-4062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клинова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klinova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8580-403X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьева</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovyeva</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-6737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Привалова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Privalova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-7753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурвич</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurvich</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-5386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернышов</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyshov</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-0479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5872-2001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бушуева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bushueva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6970-7798</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шур</surname><given-names>В. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shur</surname><given-names>V. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2574-7472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8750-9624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кацнельсон</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katsnelson</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский - научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>УрФУ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., Клинова С.В., Соловьева С.Н., Привалова Л.И., Гурвич В.Б., Чернышов И.Н., Рябова Ю.В., Бушуева Т.В., Шур В.Я., Шишкина Е.В., Кацнельсон Б.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., Клинова С.В., Соловьева С.Н., Привалова Л.И., Гурвич В.Б., Чернышов И.Н., Рябова Ю.В., Бушуева Т.В., Шур В.Я., Шишкина Е.В., Кацнельсон Б.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Minigalieva I.A., Sutunkova M.P., Klinova S.V., Solovyeva S.N., Privalova L.I., Gurvich V.B., Chernyshov I.N., Ryabova Y.V., Bushueva T.V., Shur V.Y., Shishkina E.V., Katsnelson B.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/261">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/261</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В медеплавильном производстве в воздух рабочих помещений попадают металлооксидные наноразмерные частицы оксида свинца. Они являются побочным продуктом также и многих других металлургических производств. Цель исследования. Оценка вредного действия наночастиц оксида свинца (PbO-НЧ) in vivo с особым вниманием к его кардиотоксичности при различных путях поступления. Материалы и методы. Подострое ингаляционное воздействие моделировалось на аутбредных крысах-самках, которые подвергались экспозиции генерируемого аэрозоля PbO-НЧ в концентрации 1,30 ± 0,10 мг/м3 на протяжении 5 дней по 4 часа ежедневно в установке типа «только нос». При субхроническом воздействии крысы-самцы получали инъекции PbO-НЧ внутрибрюшинно 3 раза в неделю на протяжении 6 недель (всего 18 введений). Заключение. По окончании обеих экспозиций к PbO-НЧ были обнаружены сдвиги токсикологических показателей, включая специфичные для свинца: снижение гемоглобина, рост числа ретикулоцитов в крови, увеличение концентрации δ-аминолевуленовой кислоты в моче. Подострое ингаляционное воздействие на животных PbO-НЧ приводило к изменениям показателей электрокардиограммы (рост амплитуд зубцов P и T), в то время как субхроническая внутрибрюшинная экспозиция PbO-НЧ снижала артериальное давление и приводила к сдвигам биохимических показателей состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы (снижение активности ангиотензинпревращающего фермента и концентрации энтоделина-1).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Lead oxide nanoparticles are emitted in the workplace air of copper smelters. They are also a by-product in many other metallurgical industries. Objectives: Adverse health effects of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO-NPs) were assessed in vivo using various routes of exposure with special attention paid to particle cardiotoxicity. Materials and methods: The subacute inhalation experiments were conducted on outbred female rats exposed to the generated aerosol of PbO-NPs in the concentration of 1.30 ± 0.10 mg/m3, 4 hours a day during five consecutive days, using the Nose-Only Inhalation Exposure System. The study of subchronic exposure to PbO-NPs was conducted on male rats using intraperitoneal injections made thrice a week during six weeks (18 injections in total). Conclusions: Following both types of exposure to PbO-NPs, we observed changes in toxicological indices including those specific for lead including a decrease in hemoglobin counts, an increase in blood reticulocyte counts and urine concentrations of δ-aminolevulenic acid. The subacute inhalation exposure to PbO-NPs affected electrocardiographic findings in animals (an increase in amplitudes of P and T waves) while the subchronic intraperitoneal injections decreased blood pressure and changed biochemical indices of the cardiovascular system (decreased activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and the concentration of endodelin-1).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сердечно-сосудистая система</kwd><kwd>ЭКГ</kwd><kwd>артериальное давление</kwd><kwd>наночастицы свинца</kwd><kwd>экспериментальное исследование</kwd><kwd>кардиотоксичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiovascular system</kwd><kwd>ECG</kwd><kwd>arterial pressure</kwd><kwd>lead oxide nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>experimental study</kwd><kwd>cardiotoxicity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сутункова М.П., Макеев О.Г., Привалова Л.И. и др. Генотоксический эффект воздействия некоторых элементных или элементнооксидных наночастиц и его ослабление комплексом биопротекторов // Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2018. № 11. С. 10-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сутункова М.П., Макеев О.Г., Привалова Л.И. и др. Генотоксический эффект воздействия некоторых элементных или элементнооксидных наночастиц и его ослабление комплексом биопротекторов // Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2018. № 11. С. 10-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гатагонова Т.М. Биоэлектрическая активность миокарда и насосная функция сердца у рабочих, занятых в производстве свинца // Гигиена и санитария. 1995. № 3. С. 16-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гатагонова Т.М. Биоэлектрическая активность миокарда и насосная функция сердца у рабочих, занятых в производстве свинца // Гигиена и санитария. 1995. № 3. С. 16-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соркина Н.С., Кузьмина Л.П., Артемова Л.В. и др. Некоторые вопросы воздействия свинца на заболеваемость органов кровообращения и дыхания // Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2019. Т. 59. № 12. С. 983-988.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Соркина Н.С., Кузьмина Л.П., Артемова Л.В. и др. Некоторые вопросы воздействия свинца на заболеваемость органов кровообращения и дыхания // Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2019. Т. 59. № 12. С. 983-988.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шубина О.С., Бардин В.С., Мельникова Н.А. и др. Изменение морфологического состояния сердца крыс в условиях хронической интоксикации ацетатом свинца // Фундаментальные исследования. 2011. № 7. С. 230-232.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шубина О.С., Бардин В.С., Мельникова Н.А. и др. Изменение морфологического состояния сердца крыс в условиях хронической интоксикации ацетатом свинца // Фундаментальные исследования. 2011. № 7. С. 230-232.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сушанло Р.Ш. Влияние свинцовой интоксикации и гипоксии на сердечно-сосудистую систему (литературный обзор) // Сибирский медицинский журнал (г. Томск). 2016. Т. 31. № 3. С. 33-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сушанло Р.Ш. Влияние свинцовой интоксикации и гипоксии на сердечно-сосудистую систему (литературный обзор) // Сибирский медицинский журнал (г. Томск). 2016. Т. 31. № 3. С. 33-38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Довгаль Г.В., Шевченко И.В. Нарушения раннего морфогенеза сердца в условиях введения ацетата свинца // Морфология. 2018. Т. 12. № 3. С. 66-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Довгаль Г.В., Шевченко И.В. Нарушения раннего морфогенеза сердца в условиях введения ацетата свинца // Морфология. 2018. Т. 12. № 3. С. 66-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sutunkova M.P., Solovyeva S.N., Katsnelson B.A., et al. A paradoxical response of the rat organism to long-term inhalation of silica-containing submicron (predominantly nanoscale) particles of a collected industrial aerosol at realistic exposure levels. Toxicology. 2017; 384:59-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2017.04.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutunkova M.P., Solovyeva S.N., Katsnelson B.A., et al. A paradoxical response of the rat organism to long-term inhalation of silica-containing submicron (predominantly nanoscale) particles of a collected industrial aerosol at realistic exposure levels. Toxicology. 2017; 384:59-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2017.04.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sutunkova M.P., Solovyeva S.N., Minigalieva I.A., et al. Toxic effects of low-level long-term inhalation exposures of rats to nickel oxide nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci. 2019; 20(7), 1778. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071778</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutunkova M.P., Solovyeva S.N., Minigalieva I.A., et al. Toxic effects of low-level long-term inhalation exposures of rats to nickel oxide nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci. 2019; 20(7), 1778. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071778</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sutunkova M.P., Solovyeva S.N., Katsnelson B.A., et al. Organism’s responses to a long-term inhalation of silica-containing submicron particles of an industrial aerosol. Toxicol Lett. 2017; 280(Suppl 1):S316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.052</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutunkova M.P., Solovyeva S.N., Katsnelson B.A., et al. Organism’s responses to a long-term inhalation of silica-containing submicron particles of an industrial aerosol. Toxicol Lett. 2017; 280(Suppl 1):S316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.052</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glenn B.S., Stewart W.F., Schwartz B.S., et al. Relation of alleles of the sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase alpha 2 gene with blood pressure and lead exposure. Am J Epidemiol. 2001; 153(6):537-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/153.6.537</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glenn B.S., Stewart W.F., Schwartz B.S., et al. Relation of alleles of the sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase alpha 2 gene with blood pressure and lead exposure. Am J Epidemiol. 2001; 153(6):537-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/153.6.537</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glenn B.S., Stewart W.F., Links J.M., et al. The longitudinal association of lead with blood pressure. Epidemiology. 2003; 14(1):30-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200301000-00011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glenn B.S., Stewart W.F., Links J.M., et al. The longitudinal association of lead with blood pressure. Epidemiology. 2003; 14(1):30-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200301000-00011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glenn B.S., Bandeen-Roche K., Lee B.K., et al. Changes in systolic blood pressure associated with lead in blood and bone. Epidemiology. 2006; 17(5):538-544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000231284.19078.4b</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glenn B.S., Bandeen-Roche K., Lee B.K., et al. Changes in systolic blood pressure associated with lead in blood and bone. Epidemiology. 2006; 17(5):538-544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000231284.19078.4b</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Navas-Acien A., Guallar E., Silbergeld E.K., et al. Lead exposure and cardiovascular disease - A systematic review. Environ Health Perspect. 2007; 115(3):472-482. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9785</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Navas-Acien A., Guallar E., Silbergeld E.K., et al. Lead exposure and cardiovascular disease - A systematic review. Environ Health Perspect. 2007; 115(3):472-482. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9785</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fiorim J., Ribeiro Junior R.F., Silveira E.A., et al. Low-level lead exposure increases systolic arterial pressure and endothelium-derived vasodilator factors in rat aortas. PLoS One. 2011; 6(2):e17117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017117</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fiorim J., Ribeiro Junior R.F., Silveira E.A., et al. Low-level lead exposure increases systolic arterial pressure and endothelium-derived vasodilator factors in rat aortas. PLoS One. 2011; 6(2):e17117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017117</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carmignani M., Boscolo P., Poma A., et al. Kininergic system and arterial hypertension following chronic exposure to inorganic lead. Immunopharmacol. 1999; 44(1-2):105-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0162-3109(99)00115-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carmignani M., Boscolo P., Poma A., et al. Kininergic system and arterial hypertension following chronic exposure to inorganic lead. Immunopharmacol. 1999; 44(1-2):105-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0162-3109(99)00115-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carmignani M., Volpe A.R., Boscolo P., et al. Catcholamine and nitric oxide systems as targets of chronic lead exposure in inducing selective functional impairment. Life Sci. 2000; 68(4):401-415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00954-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carmignani M., Volpe A.R., Boscolo P., et al. Catcholamine and nitric oxide systems as targets of chronic lead exposure in inducing selective functional impairment. Life Sci. 2000; 68(4):401-415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00954-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simхes M.R., Ribeiro Jünior R.F., Vescovi M.V., et al. Acute lead exposure increases arterial pressure: role of the renin-angiotensin system. PLoS One. 2011; 6(4):e18730. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018730</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simхes M.R., Ribeiro Jünior R.F., Vescovi M.V., et al. Acute lead exposure increases arterial pressure: role of the renin-angiotensin system. PLoS One. 2011; 6(4):e18730. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018730</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vaziri N.D., Norris K. Lipid disorders and their relevance to outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Blood Purif. 2011; 31(1-3):189-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000321845</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaziri N.D., Norris K. Lipid disorders and their relevance to outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Blood Purif. 2011; 31(1-3):189-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000321845</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silveira E.A., Siman F.D., de Oliveira F.T., et al. Low-dose chronic lead exposure increases systolic arterial pressure and vascular reactivity of rat aortas. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014; 67:366-376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/freeradbiomed.2013.11.021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silveira E.A., Siman F.D., de Oliveira F.T., et al. Low-dose chronic lead exposure increases systolic arterial pressure and vascular reactivity of rat aortas. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014; 67:366-376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/freeradbiomed.2013.11.021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gidlow D.A. Lead toxicity. Occup Med. 2015; 65(5):348-356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqv018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gidlow D.A. Lead toxicity. Occup Med. 2015; 65(5):348-356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqv018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klinova S.V., Minigalieva I.A., Privalova L.I., et al. Further verification of some postulates of the combined toxicity theory: New animal experimental data on separate and joint adverse effects of lead and cadmium. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020; 136:110971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.110971</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klinova S.V., Minigalieva I.A., Privalova L.I., et al. Further verification of some postulates of the combined toxicity theory: New animal experimental data on separate and joint adverse effects of lead and cadmium. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020; 136:110971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.110971</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
