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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2025-33-11-72-79</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-2541</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка потенциальных факторов риска нарушения голоса   у учителей средней школы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of Potential Risk Factors for Voice Disorders   in Secondary School Teachers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9453-8431</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковшов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovshov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковшов Александр Александрович – к.м.н., и.о. руководителя отдела гигиены, ведущий научный сотрудник; доцент кафедры гигиены условий воспитания, обучения, труда и радиационной гигиены</p><p>ул. 2-я Советская, д. 4, г. Санкт-Петербург, 191036</p><p> ул. Кирочная, д. 41, г. Санкт-Петербург, 191015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Kovshov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Acting Head of the Hygiene Department, Leading Researcher; Associate Professor, Department for Hygiene of Educational, Training, and Labor Conditions, and Radiation Hygiene</p><p>4, 2nd Sovetskaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 191036</p><p>41 Kirochnaya Street,  Saint Petersburg, 191015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.kovshov@s-znc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9037-0301</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирьянова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kir’yanova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Кирьянова Марина Николаевна – к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отделения гигиены труда</p><p>ул. 2-я Советская, д. 4, г. Санкт-Петербург, 191036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina N. Kir’yanova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Occupational Hygiene Department</p><p>4, 2nd Sovetskaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 191036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mrn@ro.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5537-7284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутенко</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butenko</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Бутенко Алиса Олеговна – студентка педиатрического факультета </p><p> ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8, г. Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Alisa O. Butenko, student, Pediatric Faculty</p><p>6-8 Leo Tolstoy Street,  Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alisa.butenko.07@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-West Public Health Research Cente; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-West Public Health Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ковшов А.А., Кирьянова М.Н., Бутенко А.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ковшов А.А., Кирьянова М.Н., Бутенко А.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovshov A.A., Kir’yanova M.N., Butenko A.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2541">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2541</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. С голосовыми проблемами в своей практике сталкиваются почти 100 % педагогов. Нарушения голоса могут приводить к ограничению и в отдельных случаях полной утрате профессиональной работоспособности. Понимание факторов риска и распространенности нарушений голоса имеет большую практическую значимость для разработки рекомендаций по сохранению функций голосового аппарата.</p></sec><sec><title> Цель исследования</title><p> Цель исследования: разработать подход к оценке потенциальных факторов риска нарушений голоса на примере учителей средней школы.</p></sec><sec><title> Материалы и методы</title><p> Материалы и методы. Исследование выполнено в декабре 2024 г. с использованием анонимной анкеты, содержащей 38 вопросов, респонденты – школьные учителя государственных общеобразовательных учреждений Санкт-Петербурга, всего  61 человек. Статистическая обработка данных проводилась с помощью Microsoft Office Excel 2013 и программы Statistica v. 12.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработан подход к оценке потенциальных факторов риска нарушений голоса на примере учителей средней школы, предусматривающий учет показателей, значимо увеличивающих риск нарушений голоса: стаж работы 20 лет и более, проведение занятий в шумной обстановке, продолжительность перерывов между учебными занятиями менее 20 минут, необходимость повышать голос, работа при наличии боли в горле, некоторые хронические заболевания (болезни верхних дыхательных путей, аллергические заболевания, болезни эндокринной системы, гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс).</p></sec><sec><title> Заключение</title><p> Заключение. Риск-ориентированный подход к разработке эффективных мер по предотвращению нарушений голоса среди учителей общеобразовательных учреждений будет способствовать снижению продолжительности временной и предотвращению стойкой утраты профессиональной трудоспособности, обеспечению оптимальной производительности труда и качества жизни. Полученные результаты могут стать основой дальнейших исследований для уточнения категории профессионального риска, определяемого исходя из класса условий труда, а также для разработки количественной модели оценки риска нарушений голоса.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: Almost all teachers encounter voice problems in their practice. Voice disorders can lead to limitations and, in some cases, complete loss of professional performance. Understanding the risk factors and prevalence of voice disorders is of great practical importance for developing recommendations for preserving the functions of the vocal apparatus.</p></sec><sec><title> Objective</title><p> Objective: To develop an approach to assessing potential risk factors for voice disorders using secondary school teachers as an example.</p></sec><sec><title> Materials and Methods</title><p> Materials and Methods: We conducted a survey of 61 schoolteachers from St. Petersburg using an anonymous questionnaire containing 38 questions. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2013 and Statistica 12.0.</p></sec><sec><title> Results</title><p> Results: Based on the example of secondary school teachers, we developed the approach to assessing potential risk factors for voice disorders that takes into account such contributors as 20 or more years of experience, teaching in a noisy environment, having less than 20-minute breaks between classes, the need to raise the voice, working with a sore throat, and having certain chronic diseases (diseases of the upper respiratory tract, allergies, diseases of the endocrine system, and/or gastroesophageal reflux).</p></sec><sec><title> Conclusions</title><p> Conclusions: The risk-based approach to developing effective measures to prevent voice disorders in schoolteachers will help reduce sickness absence rates and prevent permanent loss of ability to work, ensure optimal performance and quality of life. Our findings can form the basis for further research aimed to clarify the category of occupational risk determined by the class of working conditions and to develop a quantitative model for assessing the risk of voice disorders.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>голосовая нагрузка</kwd><kwd>профессиональный риск</kwd><kwd>учителя средней школы</kwd><kwd>нарушения голоса</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vocal load</kwd><kwd>occupational risk</kwd><kwd>secondary school teachers</kwd><kwd>voice disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Терентьева Л.С. Степень информированности педагогических работников о вопросах профилактики профессиональных заболеваний голосового аппарата // Известия РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена. 2022. № 203. 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