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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2025-33-2-37-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-2510</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRIC HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности индукции и регуляции иммунного ответа в условиях напряженности учебного процесса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of Induction and Regulation of Immune Response in Conditions of the Intense Educational Process</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0170-1824</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дианова</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dianova</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дианова Дина Гумяровна, д.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела иммунобиологических методов диагностики </p><p>ул. Монастырская, д. 82, г. Пермь, 614045</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dina G. Dianova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Department of Immunobiological Diagnostic Methods</p><p>82 Monastyrskaya Street, Perm, 614045</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dianovadina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7166-2448</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширинкина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirinkina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ширинкина Алиса Сергеевна, научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуногенетики отдела иммунобиологических методов диагностики </p><p>ул. Монастырская, д. 82, г. Пермь, 614045</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alisa S. Shirinkina, Researcher, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiological Diagnostic Methods</p><p>82 Monastyrskaya Street, Perm, 614045</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shirinkina.ali@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-3145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгих Олег Владимирович, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий отделом иммунобиологических методов диагностики </p><p>ул. Монастырская, д. 82, г. Пермь, 614045</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Dolgikh, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Immunobiological Diagnostic Methods</p><p>82 Monastyrskaya Street, Perm, 614045</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1557-0589</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ланин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lanin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ланин Дмитрий Владимирович, д.м.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела иммунобиологической диагностики </p><p>ул. Монастырская, д. 82, г. Пермь, 614045</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Lanin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Department of Immunobiological Diagnostics</p><p>82 Monastyrskaya Street, Perm, 614045</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dlan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6306-1757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириченко</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirichenko</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кириченко Лариса Викторовна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой гигиены медико-профилактического фа­культета </p><p>ул. Петропавловская, д. 26, г. Пермь, 614990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa V. Kirichenko, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Preventive Medicine</p><p>26 Petropavlovskaya Street, Perm, 614990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lkv-7@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-7850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ухабов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ukhabov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ухабов Виктор Максимович, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей гигиены и экологии человека </p><p>ул. Петропавловская, д. 26, г. Пермь, 614990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor M. Ukhabov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of General Hygiene and Human Ecology</p><p>26 Petropavlovskaya Street, Perm, 614990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rector@psma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Пермской государственный медицинский университет им. академика Е.А. Вагнера» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дианова Д.Г., Ширинкина А.С., Долгих О.В., Ланин Д.В., Кириченко Л.В., Ухабов В.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дианова Д.Г., Ширинкина А.С., Долгих О.В., Ланин Д.В., Кириченко Л.В., Ухабов В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dianova D.G., Shirinkina A.S., Dolgikh O.V., Lanin D.V., Kirichenko L.V., Ukhabov V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2510">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2510</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. У детей среднего школьного возраста в условиях высокой интенсивности учебной деятельности, ас­социированной с латентным инфицированием и избыточным содержанием в крови низкомолекулярных химических соединений возможен дисбаланс иммунной регуляции.</p><p>Цель исследования оценка особенностей иммунной регуляции у детей среднего школьного возраста в условиях повышенной напряженности учебного процесса.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Группа наблюдения 43 ребенка, обучающиеся в общеобразовательной школе с углублен­ным изучением предметов; группа сравнения 93 ученика, обучающиеся в типовой средней общеобразовательной школе. Концентрация формальдегида в крови изучена методом газовой хроматографии. Методом проточной цито­метрии выполнено определение CD3+, CD3+CD16+56+, CD19+, CD8+-лимфоцитов; методом иммуноферментного анализа изучено содержание IgE общего и IgG к вирусу Эпштейна Барр; методом радиальной иммунодиффузии по Манчини концентрация IgA, IgM, IgG; аллергосорбентным методом содержания IgE специфического к формальдегиду.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В крови детей группы наблюдения превышено содержание формальдегида относительно фоновых значений и группы сравнения в 11 и 3,1 раза соответственно (р &lt; 0,05). Установлено, что у 20 % подростков группы наблюдения увеличено содержание CD3+-, С019+-лимфоцитов и концентрация иммуноглобулинов A, G у 30 % при дефи­ците до 40 % численности NKT-лимфоцитов (р &lt; 0,05). В группе наблюдения достоверно на 50 % повышена продукция IgG к вирусу Эпштейна Барр относительно значений в группе сравнения. Установлена связь между высоким уровнем напряженности учебного процесса и напряженностью иммунного ответа на вирусную нагрузку (OR = 6,17 95 % ДИ 1,64-11,10) на фоне одновременно развивающегося реагинового повреждения тканей (IgE общий,х2 = 4,48; Р &lt; 0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Отличительной особенностью нейрогормональной перестройки подросткового периода в условиях высокой интенсивности учебного процесса является не только избыточность стрессовой нагрузки, но и недостаточная защищенность, высокая восприимчивость организма к инфекции, что повышает риск развития состояний, сопряженных с дисбалансом индукции и регуляции иммунного ответа.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: Combined with latent infection and elevated blood levels of low molecular weight chemical compounds, high academic workload can disrupt the balance of immune regulation in secondary school children.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To evaluate markers of immune regulation in secondary school children having excessive levels of academic pressure.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: The observation group consisted of 43 children attending a comprehensive school with in-depth study of subjects while the reference group comprised 93 children attending a typical comprehensive school. Blood concentrations of formaldehyde were measured using gas chromatography. CD3+, CD3+CD16+56+, CD19+, and CD8+ lymphocytes were determined using flow cytometry. Total IgE and IgG to the Epstein-Barr virus were tested using enzyme immunoassay, IgA, IgM, and IgG concentrations using the Manchini technique of radial immunodiffusion, and specific IgE antibodies to formaldehyde were detected using the allergosorbent test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Blood formaldehyde concentrations in the observation group were 11 and 3.1 times higher than the normal values and those measured in the reference group, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). We found that the levels of CD3+ and CD19+ lymphocytes were increased in 20 %, and those of immunoglobulins A and G in 30 % of the adolescents from the observation group with a deficiency of up to 40 % in the number of NKT cells (p &lt; 0.05). The production of IgG antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus in this group was significantly increased by 50 % compared to the reference group. We established the relationship between heavy academic workload and the intensity of immune response to the viral burden (OR = 6.17; 95 % CI: 1.64-11.10) against the background of simultaneously developing reaginic tissue damage (total IgE, х2 = 4.48; p &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: A distinctive feature of neurohormonal changes in puberty in the context of a highly intensive educational process is not only the excessive stress, but also insufficient protection, high susceptibility of the body to infection, which increases the risk of developing conditions associated with imbalanced induction and regulation of the immune response.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунная регуляция</kwd><kwd>напряженность учебного процесса</kwd><kwd>формальдегид</kwd><kwd>вирус Эпштейна Барр</kwd><kwd>субпопуляция лимфоцитов</kwd><kwd>иммуноглобулин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune regulation</kwd><kwd>academic stress</kwd><kwd>formaldehyde</kwd><kwd>Epstein-Barr virus</kwd><kwd>lymphocyte subpopulation</kwd><kwd>immunoglobulin.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turner L, Galante J, Vainre M, Stochl J, Dufour G, Jones PB. 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