sredobЗдоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСОPublic Health and Life Environment – PH&LE2219-52382619-0788ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора10.35627/22195238/2025-33-1-42-51sredob-2477Research ArticleКОММУНАЛЬНАЯ ГИГИЕНАCOMMUNAL HYGIENEВозрастные особенности нейротоксичности свинца (обзор литературы)Age and Lead Neurotoxicity: A Literature Reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-8593МинигалиеваИ. А.MinigalievaI. A.

Минигалиева Ильзира Амировна – д.б.н., зав. отделом токсикологии и биопрофилактики

ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014

Ilzira A. Minigalieva, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis

30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014

ilzira@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642СутунковаМ. П.SutunkovaM. P.

Сутункова Марина Петровна – д.м.н., директор; доцент, зав. кафедрой гигиены и медицины труда

ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014

ул. Репина, д. 3, г. Екатеринбург, 620028

Marina P. Sutunkova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Director; Assoc. Prof., Head of the Department of Occupational Hygiene and Medicine

30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014

3 Repin Street, Yekaterinburg, 620028

sutunkova@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-0780-5733НикогосянК. М.NikogosyanK. M.

Никогосян Карен Мерсопович – младший научный сотрудник отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики

ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014

 Karen M. Nikogosyan, Junior Researcher, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis

30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014

nikoghosyankm@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-0479РябоваЮ. В.RyabovaYu. V.

Рябова Юлия Владимировна – к.м.н., зав. лабораторией научных основ и биологической профилактики отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики

ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014

Yuliya V. Ryabova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Scientific Foundations of Bioprophylaxis, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis

30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014

ryabova@ymrc.ruФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» РоспотребнадзораРоссияYekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial WorkersRussian FederationФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияYekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers; Ural State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20252102202533142–51Copyright © Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., Никогосян К.М., Рябова Ю.В., 20252025Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., Никогосян К.М., Рябова Ю.В.Minigalieva I.A., Sutunkova M.P., Nikogosyan K.M., Ryabova Y.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2477Введение

Введение. Воздействие свинца вызывает негативные эффекты на головной мозг, однако их особенности и степень выраженности различны в разные возрастные периоды. Считается, что повреждения особенно значимы во внутриутробном периоде и младенчестве и легче переносятся во взрослом, но вновь усиливаются в пожилом возрасте.

Цель исследования

Цель исследования: поиск, обобщение и систематизация материалов, посвященных особенностям вредного действия свинца на структуры головного мозга млекопитающих в разные периоды жизни как основы для дальнейшей разработки лечебных и профилактических мероприятий в отношении человека.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Источниками библиографии стали поисковая система PubMed, единая библиографическая и реферативная база данных рецензируемой научной литературы Scopus, Российские электронные научные библиотеки ELibrary и CyberLeninka. Поиск проводился среди публикаций на русском и английском языках с 1979 до 2024 года. Статьи были отобраны нами по принципу наличия в них информации о негативных эффектах свинца на нервную систему лабораторных животных. В итоге было проанализировано более 500 статей, в результате отобрано 40 полнотекстовых публикаций, из них 28 статей не старше 5 лет.

Результаты

Результаты. Представленный обзор литературы обобщает материал относительно воздействия свинца на нервную систему в разные периоды развития и жизни организма. Представлены наиболее распространенные эффекты, а также «точки приложения» воздействия свинца, что может служить отправной точкой для разработки профилактических мер против нейродегенеративных состояний, вызванных свинцом.

Заключение

Заключение. Таким образом, наиболее уязвимыми к негативному воздействию свинца на нервную систему являются периоды внутриутробного развития и раннего детства.

Introduction

Introduction: Lead exposure has adverse effects on the brain but their characteristics and severity vary by age. Damage is known to be critical in the prenatal period and infancy, better tolerated in adulthood, but again detrimental in old age.

Objective

Objective: To find, summarize, and systematize data on lead-induced damage to mammalian brain structures at different periods of life as a rationale for further development of therapeutic and preventive measures for humans.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods: We searched for Russian and English-language publications issued in 1979–2024 in the PubMed archive of literature, Scopus abstract and citation database, eLibrary and CyberLeninka Russian scientific electronic libraries. The articles containing information on adverse effects of lead on the nervous system of laboratory animals were eligible for inclusion in the review. Of more than 500 papers screened, we selected 40 full-text peer-reviewed publications, 28 of which were issued in the last five years.

Results

Results: This literature review outlines age-specific effects of lead on the nervous system. It presents the most common effects and targets of lead toxicity and can serve as a starting point for the development of preventive measures against neurodegenerative conditions caused by this chemical.

Conclusion

Conclusion: Fetuses and infants are the most vulnerable to damaging effects of lead on the nervous system.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.