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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2024-32-11-68-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-2375</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение вирусов гриппа, выявленных в случаях с летальным исходом  в Российской Федерации в эпидемическом сезоне 2023–2024 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influenza Viruses Detected in Lethal Cases in the Russian Federation  in the 2023–2024 Respiratory Virus Season</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8854-0287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болдырев</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boldyrev</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Болдырев Никита Дмитриевич – младший научный сотрудник отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p><p>р.п. Кольцово,  Новосибирская область, 630559</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita D. Boldyrev, Junior Researcher, Department of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases and Influenza</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boldyrev_nd@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-0552</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панова Анастасия Сергеевна – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p><p>р.п. Кольцово,  Новосибирская область, 630559</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia S. Panova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Department of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases and Influenza</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">panova_as@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8865-8592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колосова</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolosova</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колосова Наталья Петровна – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p><p>р.п. Кольцово,  Новосибирская область, 630559</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia P. Kolosova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Department of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases and Influenza</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">panova_as@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-2794</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даниленко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilenk</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Даниленко Алексей Валерьевич – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p><p>р.п. Кольцово,  Новосибирская область, 630559</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Danilenko, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Department of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases and Influenza</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danilenko_av@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шадринова</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shadrinov</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шадринова Кюнней Никифоровна – стажер-исследователь отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p><p>р.п. Кольцово,  Новосибирская область, 630559</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kiunnei N. Shadrinova, Research Intern, Department of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases and Influenza</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shadrinova_kn@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4573-5783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Святченко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svyatchenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Святченко Светлана Викторовна – младший научный сотрудник отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p><p>р.п. Кольцово,  Новосибирская область, 630559</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Svyatchenko, Junior Researcher, Department of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases and Influenza</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svyatchenko_sv@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-1708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Онхонова</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Onkhonova</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Онхонова Галина Сергеевна – научный сотрудник отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p><p>р.п. Кольцово,  Новосибирская область, 630559</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina S. Onkhonova, Researcher, Department of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases and Influenza</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">onhonova_gs@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муратова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muratova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муратова Алина Романовна – стажер-исследователь отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p><p>р.п. Кольцово,  Новосибирская область, 630559</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina R. Muratova, Research Intern, Department of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases and Influenza</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">muratova_ar@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6753-597X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гончарова Наталья Игоревна – младший научный сотрудник отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p><p>р.п. Кольцово,  Новосибирская область, 630559</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia N. Goncharova, Junior Researcher, Department of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases and Influenza</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">goncharova_ni@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-6412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудымо</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudymo</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гудымо Андрей Сергеевич – научный сотрудник отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p><p>р.п. Кольцово,  Новосибирская область, 630559</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei S. Gudymo, Researcher, Department of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases and Influenza</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gudymo_as@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-6732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>V. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марченко Василий Юрьевич – д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p><p>р.п. Кольцово,  Новосибирская область, 630559</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy Y. Marchenko, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, Department of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases and Influenza</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marchenko_vyu@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7009-0748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжиков</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhikov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыжиков Александр Борисович – к.б.н., заведующий отделом зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p><p>р.п. Кольцово,  Новосибирская область, 630559</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander B. Ryzhikov, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Department of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases and Influenza</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ryzhik@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Болдырев Н.Д., Панова А.С., Колосова Н.П., Даниленко А.В., Шадринова К.Н., Святченко С.В., Онхонова Г.С., Муратова А.Р., Гончарова Н.И., Гудымо А.С., Марченко В.Ю., Рыжиков А.Б., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Болдырев Н.Д., Панова А.С., Колосова Н.П., Даниленко А.В., Шадринова К.Н., Святченко С.В., Онхонова Г.С., Муратова А.Р., Гончарова Н.И., Гудымо А.С., Марченко В.Ю., Рыжиков А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boldyrev N.D., Panov A.S., Kolosova N.P., Danilenk A.V., Shadrinov K.N., Svyatchenko S.V., Onkhonova G.S., Muratova A.R., Goncharova N.N., Gudymo A.S., Marchenko V.Y., Ryzhikov A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2375">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2375</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Грипп является высококонтагиозным заболеванием и может приводить к тяжелым осложнениям, а в некоторых случаях – к летальному исходу, особенно в группах населения повышенного риска. Для разработки и оптимизации мер профилактики и лечения необходим постоянный мониторинг и тщательное изучение вирусов сезонного гриппа, особенно от случаев с тяжелым течением.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучение генетических и антигенных свойств вирусов гриппа, выявленных в случаях с летальным исходом в Российской Федерации в эпидемическом сезоне 2023–2024 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В период с 29.09.2023 по 01.06.2024 методом ПЦР было исследовано 859 образцов от пациентов с диагнозом грипп (мазки из носоглотки) и 101 образец аутопсийного материала (фрагменты трахеи, бронхов, легких) от летальных случаев заболевания из 57 регионов Российской Федерации. Для образцов с достаточным количеством генетического материала было проведено полногеномное секвенирование с использованием платформы Illumina MiSeq.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сезон гриппа в 2023–2024 гг. в Российской Федерации характеризовался доминированием вирусов A/H3N2 субклады 2a.3a.1. В меньшей мере в 2023–2024 гг. выявлялись вирусы гриппа A/H1N1pdm09 и гриппа типа B. В течение сезона наблюдалась дополнительная диверсификация вирусов A/H3N2 с накоплением аминокислотных замен в антигенных сайтах гемагглютинина. Большинство случаев заболевания гриппом с летальным исходом в 2023–2024 гг. было связано с группой риска, при этом наблюдался низкий процент вакцинированных среди данных случаев. В вирусах A/H3N2 от летальных случаев не выявлено мутаций, ассоциированных с повышенной патогенностью и вирулентностью. Во всех исследованных в 2023–2024 гг. вирусах не было выявлено молекулярных маркеров лекарственной устойчивости к ингибиторам нейраминидазы и балоксавиру марбоксилу.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Вирусы A/H3N2 от летальных случаев заболевания гриппом, исследованные в ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора в эпидемическом сезоне 2023–2024 гг., были схожи с вирусами, выявленными в течение сезона у пациентов с благоприятным течением гриппа. Выявленные вирусы были генетически и антигенно схожи с вакцинным штаммом и не имели маркеров повышенной патогенности и лекарственной устойчивости.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: Influenza is a highly contagious disease which can cause severe complications and even death, particularly in high-risk populations. Continuous monitoring and careful testing of seasonal influenza viruses, especially for severe cases, is necessary to develop and optimize prevention and treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To establish genetic and antigenic characteristics of influenza viruses detected in lethal cases in the Russian Federation in the 2023–2024 respiratory virus season.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: From September 29, 2023 to June 1, 2024, 859 specimens from influenza cases (nasopharyngeal swabs) and 101 autopsy specimens of trachea, bronchi, and lungs from lethal cases of the disease from 57 regions of the Russian Federation were analyzed by PCR. For those with a sufficient amount of genetic material, whole-genome sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The 2023–2024 influenza season in the Russian Federation was characterized by the dominance of A/H3N2 viruses of subclade 2a.3a.1. Influenza A/H1N1pdm09 and influenza type B viruses were detected to a lesser extent in that period. Additional diversification of A/H3N2 viruses was observed during the season with accumulation of amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin antigenic sites. Most lethal cases were among those at high risk and unvaccinated. No mutations associated with increased pathogenicity and virulence were identified in A/H3N2 viruses from lethal cases. No molecular markers of drug resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors and baloxavir marboxil were identified in all viruses tested in the 2023–2024 season.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Influenza A/H3N2 viruses from the lethal cases of the diseases tested at the State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” in the 2023–2024 respiratory virus season were similar to those detected in recovered patients. The isolated viruses were genetically and antigenically similar to the vaccine strain and had no markers of increased pathogenicity or drug resistance.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грипп</kwd><kwd>мониторинг</kwd><kwd>летальные случаи</kwd><kwd>A/H3N2</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>influenza</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd><kwd>lethal cases</kwd><kwd>A/H3N2</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора. Благодарности: авторы выражают особую благодарность сотрудникам ФБУЗ «Центров гигиены и эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора за помощь в сборе и анализе образцов вирусов гриппа.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted within the framework of the state assignment of the State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”. Acknowledgments: The authors express their sincere gratitude to the personnel of the Russian regional Centers for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for their assistance in collecting and testing influenza specimens.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uyeki TM. High-risk groups for influenza complications. JAMA. 2020;324(22):2334. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.21869</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uyeki TM. High-risk groups for influenza complications. JAMA. 2020;324(22):2334. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.21869</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lytras T, Pantavou K, Mouratidou E, Tsiodras S. 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