<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2025-33-3-33-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-2337</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фенотипический и генотипический профиль устойчивости к противомикробным препаратам изолятов Staphylococcus aureus, выделенных из пищевой продукции на территории Республики Таджикистан</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phenotypic and Genomic Profile of Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated in the Republic of Tajikistan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5378-0827</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Битюмина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bityumina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Битюмина Люция Айткалиевна – младший научный сотрудник Научной группы антибиотикорезистентности пищевыхпатогенов</p><p>ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3А, г. Москва, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyutsiya A. Bityumina, Junior Researcher, Research Group for Antimicrobial Resistance of Food Pathogens</p><p>3A Novogireyevskaya Street, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bitumina@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-6969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куликова Нина Георгиевна – к.б.н., руководитель Научной группы антибиотикорезистентности пищевых патогенов</p><p>ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3А, г. Москва, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina G. Kulikova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Research Group for Antimicrobial Resistance of Food Pathogens</p><p>3A Novogireyevskaya Street, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kulikova_ng@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5646-538X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaylova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлова Юлия Владимировна – к.б.н., заведующая лабораторией молекулярных механизмов антибиотикорезистентности</p><p>ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3А, г. Москва, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Mikhaylova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance</p><p>3A Novogireyevskaya Street, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mihailova@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1824-8921</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каюмова</surname><given-names>М. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Кayumova</surname><given-names>M. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каюмова Мархабо Узаковна – к.б.н., заведующая бактериологической лабораторией</p><p>ул. Шевченко, д. 61, г. Душанбе, 734025</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Markhabo U. Кayumova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of Bacteriological Laboratory</p><p>61 Shevchenko Street, Dushanbe, 734025</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">markhabo_kayumova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6267-9483</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рузиев</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruziev</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рузиев Муродали Мехмондустович – д.м.н., директор</p><p>ул. Шевченко, д. 61, г. Душанбе, 734025</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Murodali M. Ruziev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Director</p><p>61 Shevchenko Street, Dushanbe, 734025</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.ruziev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7409-077X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеленков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelenkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шеленков Андрей Александрович – к.ф-м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярных механизмовантибиотикорезистентности</p><p>ул. Шевченко, д. 61, г. Душанбе, 734025</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Shelenkov, Cand. Sci. (Phys. &amp; Maths.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance</p><p>3A Novogireyevskaya Street, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shelenkov@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0486-1353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпенко</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpenko</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпенко Анна Евгеньевна – научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярных механизмов антибиотикорезистентности</p><p>ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3А, г. Москва, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna E. Karpenko, Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance</p><p>3A Novogireyevskaya Street, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorova@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6693-3990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondrateva</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кондратьева Дарья Константиновна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярных механизмов антибиотикорезистентности</p><p>ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3А, г. Москва, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria K. Kondrateva, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance</p><p>3A Novogireyevskaya Street, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kondrateva@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1146-1430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манзенюк</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manzeniuk</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Манзенюк Игорь Николаевич – к.м.н., помощник директора по научной работе</p><p>ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3А, г. Москва, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor N. Manzeniuk, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Director for Research</p><p>3A Novogireyevskaya Street, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">manzeniuk@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акимкин Василий Геннадиевич – д.м.н., проф., академик РАН, директор</p><p>ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3А, г. Москва, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy G. Akimkin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p><p>3A Novogireyevskaya Street, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vgakimkin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ «Таджикский научно-исследовательский институт профилактической медицины»</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tajik Research Institute of Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное учреждение «Таджикский научно-исследовательский институт профилактической медицины»</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tajik Research Institute of Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ «Таджикский научно-исследовательский институт профилактической медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Битюмина Л.А., Куликова Н.Г., Михайлова Ю.В., Каюмова М.У., Рузиев М.М., Шеленков А.А., Карпенко А.Е., Кондратьева Д.К., Манзенюк И.Н., Акимкин В.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Битюмина Л.А., Куликова Н.Г., Михайлова Ю.В., Каюмова М.У., Рузиев М.М., Шеленков А.А., Карпенко А.Е., Кондратьева Д.К., Манзенюк И.Н., Акимкин В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bityumina L.A., Kulikova N.G., Mikhaylova Y.V., Кayumova M.U., Ruziev M.M., Shelenkov A.A., Karpenko A.E., Kondrateva D.K., Manzeniuk I.N., Akimkin V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2337">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2337</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Staphylococcus aureus является значимым возбудителем, вызывающим пищевые отравления. Высокая адаптивность и способность продуцировать термостабильные энтеротоксины делают его опасным для общественного здоровья патогеном. Мониторинг устойчивости к антибиотикам и оценка риска контаминации пищевых продуктов этим микроорганизмом являются критически важными для предотвращения и лечения пищевых токсикоинфекций.Цель исследования: оценка фенотипической и генотипической устойчивости к антибиотикам изолятов S. aureus, выделенных из пищевой продукции на территории Республики Таджикистан.Материалы и методы. Исследование включало 50 изолятов S. aureus, выделенных из пищевой продукции на территории Республики Таджикистан в период с 2018 по 2022 г. Видовая идентификация проводилась методом MALDI-TOF MS. Фенотипическая чувствительность к противомикробным препаратам определялась методом минимальной подавляющей концентрации с помощью прибора Sensititre. Генетические детерминанты резистентности и вирулентности определялись с помощью анализа данных полногеномного секвенирования, проводимого на платформе Illumina, NextSeq 2000.Результаты. Устойчивыми хотя бы к одному противомикробному препарату были 44,0 % (22/50) изолятов S. aureus, из них обладали множественной лекарственной устойчивостью 34,0 % (17/50). Наиболее распространенными были S. aureus, обладающие фенотипической и генотипической устойчивостью к бета-лактамам 40,0 %: гены резистентности blaZ были обнаружены у 94,0 % (16/17), mecA у 76,4 % (13/17). Анализ результатов мультилокусного сиквенс-типирования выявил 4 различных сиквенс-типа S. aureus с преобладанием ST5. Также была отмечена высокая частота распространения генов вирулентности, включая энтеротоксины и лейкоцидины.Заключение. Контаминация продуктов питания S. aureus представляет значительную угрозу для общественного здоровья. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о высокой резистентности к антибиотикам изученных микроорганизмов пищевого происхождения и наличии множества факторов вирулентности в их геномах, что, в свою очередь, подчеркивает необходимость постоянного мониторинга и разработки стратегий для управления рисками, связанными с распространением антибиотикорезистентности через пищевую цепочку.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant infectious agent causing food poisoning. High adaptability and the ability to produce heat-stable enterotoxins make it a dangerous pathogen of public health concern. Monitoring antibiotic resistance and assessing the risk of food contamination by this microorganism are critical to prevent and treat foodborne toxic infections.Objective: To assess phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains isolated from food products on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan.Materials and methods: The study included 50 isolates of S. aureus derived from foods in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2018–2022. Species identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS. Phenotypic susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined by the minimum inhibition concentration method using the Sensititre system. Genetic determinants of resistance and virulence were determined by analyzing data from full-genome sequencing using Illumina NextSeq 2000 system.Results: 44.0 % (22/50) of S. aureus isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug, of which 34.0 % (17/50) were multidrug resistant. S. aureus with phenotypic and genotypic resistance to beta-lactams were the most common (40.0 %): blaZ resistance genes were detected in 94.0 % (16/17) and mecA in 76.4 % (13/17). The analysis of multilocus sequence typing results revealed 4 different S. aureus sequencing types with ST5 prevailing. A high frequency of virulence genes, including enterotoxins and leukocidins, was also observed.Conclusion: Food contamination with S. aureus poses a significant threat to public health. High antibiotic resistance of the foodborne microorganisms and the presence of multiple virulence genes highlight the need for continuous monitoring and development of strategies to manage the risks associated with the spread of antibiotic resistance through the food chain.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>S. aureus</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>WGS</kwd><kwd>вирулентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>S. aureus</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>WGS</kwd><kwd>virulence</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа была выполнена в рамках реализации распоряжений Правительства Российской Федерации № 185-р от 3 февраля 2017 г. и № 3116-р от 21 декабря 2019 г.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within implementation of Russian Federation Government Orders No. 185-r of February 3, 2017 and No. 3116-r of December 21, 2019.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva-de-Jesus AC, Ferrari RG, Panzenhagen P, Conte-Junior CA. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm: The role in disseminating antimicrobial resistance over the meat chain. Microbiology (Reading). 2022;168(10). doi: 10.1099/mic.0.001245</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva-de-Jesus AC, Ferrari RG, Panzenhagen P, Conte-Junior CA. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm: The role in disseminating antimicrobial resistance over the meat chain. Microbiology (Reading). 2022;168(10). doi: 10.1099/mic.0.001245</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piewngam P, Otto M. Staphylococcus aureus colonisation and strategies for decolonisation. Lancet Microbe. 2024;5(6):e606-e618. doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00040-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piewngam P, Otto M. Staphylococcus aureus colonisation and strategies for decolonisation. Lancet Microbe. 2024;5(6):e606-e618. doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00040-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ou Q, Zhou J, Lin D, et al. A large meta-analysis of the global prevalence rates of S. aureus and MRSA contamination of milk. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018;58(13):2213-2228. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1308916</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ou Q, Zhou J, Lin D, et al. A large meta-analysis of the global prevalence rates of S. aureus and MRSA contamination of milk. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018;58(13):2213-2228. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1308916</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Resende JA, Fontes CO, Ferreira-Machado AB, Nascimento TC, Silva VL, Diniz CG. Antimicrobial-resistance genetic markers in potentially pathogenic gram positive cocci isolated from Brazilian soft cheese. J Food Sci. 2018;83(2):377-385. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.14019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Resende JA, Fontes CO, Ferreira-Machado AB, Nascimento TC, Silva VL, Diniz CG. Antimicrobial-resistance genetic markers in potentially pathogenic gram positive cocci isolated from Brazilian soft cheese. J Food Sci. 2018;83(2):377-385. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.14019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diallo OO, Baron SA, Abat C, Colson P, Chaudet H, Rolain JM. Antibiotic resistance surveillance systems: A review. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2020;23:430-438. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.10.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diallo OO, Baron SA, Abat C, Colson P, Chaudet H, Rolain JM. Antibiotic resistance surveillance systems: A review. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2020;23:430-438. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.10.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скачкова Т.С., Замятин М.Н., Орлова О.А. и др. Мониторинг метициллинрезистентных штаммов стафилококка в многопрофильном стационаре Москвы с помощью молекулярно-биологических методов // Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2021. Т. 20. № 1. С. 44–50. doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-1-44-50</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skachkova TS, Zamyatin MN, Orlova OA, et al. Monitoring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains in the Moscow medical and surgical center using molecular-biological methods. Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika. 2021;20(1):44-50. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-1-44-50</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lakhundi S, Zhang K. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular characterization, evolution, and epidemiology. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018;31(4):e00020-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00020-18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lakhundi S, Zhang K. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular characterization, evolution, and epidemiology. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018;31(4):e00020-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00020-18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao G, Lou Z, Zhu Z, et al. Epidemiological and molecular evidence of foodborne poisoning outbreak caused by enterotoxin gene cluster-harboring Staphylococcus aureus of new sequence type 7591. Int J Infect Dis. 2023;135:132-135. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.08.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao G, Lou Z, Zhu Z, et al. Epidemiological and molecular evidence of foodborne poisoning outbreak caused by enterotoxin gene cluster-harboring Staphylococcus aureus of new sequence type 7591. Int J Infect Dis. 2023;135:132-135. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.08.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramadan HA, El-Baz AM, Goda RM, El-Sokkary MMA, El-Morsi RM. Molecular characterization of enterotoxin genes in methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolated from food poisoning outbreaks in Egypt. J Health Popul Nutr. 2023;42(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s41043-023-00416-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramadan HA, El-Baz AM, Goda RM, El-Sokkary MMA, El-Morsi RM. Molecular characterization of enterotoxin genes in methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolated from food poisoning outbreaks in Egypt. J Health Popul Nutr. 2023;42(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s41043-023-00416-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Titouche Y, Houali K, Ruiz-Ripa L, et al. Enterotoxin genes and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food products in Algeria. J Appl Microbiol. 2020;129(4):1043-1052. doi: 10.1111/jam.14665</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titouche Y, Houali K, Ruiz-Ripa L, et al. Enterotoxin genes and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food products in Algeria. J Appl Microbiol. 2020;129(4):1043-1052. doi: 10.1111/jam.14665</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bankevich A, Nurk S, Antipov D, et al. SPAdes: A new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. J Comput Biol. 2012;19(5):455-477. doi: 10.1089/cmb.2012.0021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bankevich A, Nurk S, Antipov D, et al. SPAdes: A new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. J Comput Biol. 2012;19(5):455-477. doi: 10.1089/cmb.2012.0021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shelenkov A, Mikhaylova Y, Yanushevich Y, et al. Molecular typing, characterization of antimicrobial resistance, virulence profiling and analysis of whole-genome sequence of clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(5):261. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9050261</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shelenkov A, Mikhaylova Y, Yanushevich Y, et al. Molecular typing, characterization of antimicrobial resistance, virulence profiling and analysis of whole-genome sequence of clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(5):261. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9050261</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szczuka E, Porada K, Wesołowska M, Łęska B. Occurrence and characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy products. Molecules. 2022;27(14):4649. doi: 10.3390/molecules27144649</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szczuka E, Porada K, Wesołowska M, Łęska B. Occurrence and characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy products. Molecules. 2022;27(14):4649. doi: 10.3390/molecules27144649</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jans C, Merz A, Johler S, et al. East and West African milk products are reservoirs for human and livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus. Food Microbiol. 2017;65:64-73. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.01.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jans C, Merz A, Johler S, et al. East and West African milk products are reservoirs for human and livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus. Food Microbiol. 2017;65:64-73. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.01.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gelbíčová T, Tegegne HA, Florianová M, Koláčková I, Karpíšková R. Properties of Staphylococcus aureus strains from food processing staff. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2018;67(4):161-165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gelbíčová T, Tegegne HA, Florianová M, Koláčková I, Karpíšková R. Properties of Staphylococcus aureus strains from food processing staff. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2018;67(4):161-165.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J, Wang J, Jin J, et al. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and enterotoxin genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and dairy products worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Res Int. 2022;162(Pt A):111969. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111969</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J, Wang J, Jin J, et al. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and enterotoxin genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and dairy products worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Res Int. 2022;162(Pt A):111969. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111969</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khairullah AR, Rehman S, Sudjarwo SA, et al. Detection of mecA gene and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from milk and risk factors from farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia. F1000Res. 2022;11:722. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.122225.3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khairullah AR, Rehman S, Sudjarwo SA, et al. Detection of mecA gene and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from milk and risk factors from farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia. F1000Res. 2022;11:722. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.122225.3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Badawy B, Elafify M, Farag AMM, et al. Ecological distribution of virulent multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in livestock, environment, and dairy products. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022;11(11):1651. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11111651</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Badawy B, Elafify M, Farag AMM, et al. Ecological distribution of virulent multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in livestock, environment, and dairy products. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022;11(11):1651. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11111651</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel K, Godden SM, Royster EE, et al. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, virulence and genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk tank milk samples of U.S. dairy herds. BMC Genomics. 2021;22(1):367. doi: 10.1186/s12864-021-07603-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel K, Godden SM, Royster EE, et al. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, virulence and genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk tank milk samples of U.S. dairy herds. BMC Genomics. 2021;22(1):367. doi: 10.1186/s12864-021-07603-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang Y, Gao H, Zhu Z, et al. High prevalence and properties of enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus ST5 strains of food sources in China. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2016;13(7):386-390. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2085</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang Y, Gao H, Zhu Z, et al. High prevalence and properties of enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus ST5 strains of food sources in China. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2016;13(7):386-390. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2085</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao N, Yang J, Duan N, Lu B, Wang L. Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus PVL+ ST22 predominates in skin and soft tissue infections in Beijing, China. Infect Drug Resist. 2019;12:2495-2503. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S212358</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiao N, Yang J, Duan N, Lu B, Wang L. Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus PVL+ ST22 predominates in skin and soft tissue infections in Beijing, China. Infect Drug Resist. 2019;12:2495-2503. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S212358</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li H, Tang T, Stegger M, Dalsgaard A, Liu T, Leisner JJ. Characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from retail foods in Beijing, China. Food Microbiol. 2021;93:103603. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103603</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li H, Tang T, Stegger M, Dalsgaard A, Liu T, Leisner JJ. Characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from retail foods in Beijing, China. Food Microbiol. 2021;93:103603. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103603</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen T, Zhao L, Liu Y, et al. Mechanisms of high-level fosfomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus epidemic lineage ST5. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2022;77(10):2816-2826. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkac236</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen T, Zhao L, Liu Y, et al. Mechanisms of high-level fosfomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus epidemic lineage ST5. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2022;77(10):2816-2826. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkac236</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mikhaylova Y, Shelenkov A, Chernyshkov A, et al. Whole-genome analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from ready-to-eat food in Russia. Foods. 2022;11(17):2574. doi: 10.3390/foods11172574</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhaylova Y, Shelenkov A, Chernyshkov A, et al. Whole-genome analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from ready-to-eat food in Russia. Foods. 2022;11(17):2574. doi: 10.3390/foods11172574</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
