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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627//2219-5238/2025-33-4-54-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-2331</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка информативности исследования содержания формальдегида в биологических средах организма работающих для целей биомониторинга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Analysis of the Informative Value of Biological Fluids for Biomonitoring Formaldehyde in the Human Body</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3326-9914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаркова</surname><given-names>Елена Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharkova</surname><given-names>H. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории химико-аналитических исследований отдела гигиены</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Helen M. Zharkova, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Chemical and Analytical Research, Hygiene Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenzharkovaa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5855-5410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапова</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.б.н.,старший научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией химико-аналитических исследований отдела гигиены </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Potapova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Chemical and Analytical Research, Hygiene Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yes-ia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-8290</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотова</surname><given-names>Ирина Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., доцент, главный научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом гигиены </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Fedotova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), docent, Chief Researcher, Head of the Hygiene Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinavfed@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0565-4551</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черникова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Федоровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernikova</surname><given-names>E. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела гигиены </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina F. Chernikova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Hygiene Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chernikova_ef@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8904-6534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калачева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalacheva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории химико-аналитических исследований отдела гигиены </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Kalacheva, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Chemical and Analytical Research, Hygiene Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kate.Kalachova2013@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Нижегородский научно-исследовательский институт гигиены и профпатологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Pathology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жаркова Е.М., Потапова И.А., Федотова И.В., Черникова Е.Ф., Калачева Е.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жаркова Е.М., Потапова И.А., Федотова И.В., Черникова Е.Ф., Калачева Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zharkova H.M., Potapova I.A., Fedotova I.V., Chernikova E.F., Kalacheva E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2331">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2331</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Формальдегид ‒ убиквитарный токсикант, способный проникать в организм человека как экзогенным путем, так и образовываться эндогенно. Эффективность мониторинга его содержания в организме зависит от корректного выбора анализируемого биологического субстрата.</p><p>Цель исследования ‒ сравнительный анализ презентативности биологических жидкостей ‒ плазмы, сыворотки и цельной крови, ‒ для биомониторинга формальдегида в организме человека.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на группе работников металлургического производства в возрасте от 26 до 58 лет (41,0±3,4 лет; n=20) с профессиональным стажем от 4 до 30 лет (19,3±4,0 лет). Содержание формальдегида в биологических жидкостях оценивалось методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с УФ-детектированием после предварительного процесса дериватизации 2,4-динитрофенилгидразином. Также, в рамках периодического медицинского осмотра у всех работников были исследованы клинические показатели крови в соответствии с Приказом Министерства здравоохранения РФ от 28.01.2021 года № 29н.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что уровни концентраций формальдегида в плазме и сыворотке крови достоверно не отличались (p=0,9405) и составляли 0,020 [Q1=0,006; Q3=0,063] мкг/мл и 0,022 [Q1=0,016; Q3=0,069] мкг/мл соответственно. Содержание токсиканта в цельной крови было чаще всего в 4,4 [Q1=3,0; Q3=8,5] раза выше. При этом уровень ФА в цельной крови достоверно повышался относительно сыворотки и плазмы (р=0,0006; р=0,0025) при увеличении содержания тромбоцитов. Данный факт, по-видимому, обусловлен структурными особенностями их клеточных мембран, пронизаных отверстиями открытой канальцевой системы и выстланных изнутри тубулином, молекулярная масса которого не способна препятствовать проникновению токсиканта в клетку. В результате ФА «концентрируется» в тромбоцитах и обусловливает зависимое от их содержания распределение ФА в крови.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведенное исследование продемонстрировало, что цельная кровь является более представительным материалом с позиции биомониторинга ФА по сравнению с сывороткой и плазмой крови, поскольку позволяет получить более точные полные показатели его содержания в организме.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: The effectiveness of monitoring formaldehyde levels in the body depends on the correct choice of the biological substrate tested.Objective: A comparative analysis of the representativeness of biological fluids – plasma, serum and whole blood – for biomonitoring formaldehyde in the human body.Materials and methods: The study was conducted on a group of metallurgical workers aged 26 to 58 years (41.0 ± 3.4 years; n = 20) with professional experience ranging from 4 to 30 years (19.3 ± 4.0 years). The formaldehyde content in biological fluids was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection after a preliminary derivatization process with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Also, as part of a periodic medical examination, clinical blood parameters were tested in all employees in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 29n dated January 28, 2021.Results: We found that formaldehyde concentrations in plasma and serum were not significantly different (p = 0.9405) and amounted to 0.020 [Q1 = 0.006; Q3 = 0.063] µg/mL and 0.022 [Q1 = 0.016; Q3 = 0.069] µg/mL, respectively. The whole blood level of the toxicant was 1.4–172.9 times higher (4.5 [Q1 = 2.6; Q3 = 16.2]) than in plasma and 1.6–120.7 times higher (4.4 [Q1 = 3.0; Q3 = 8.5]) than in serum and it increased significantly compared to plasma and serum (p = 0.0025; p = 0.0006) with an increase in the platelet count. This might be related to structural features of thrombocyte membranes pierced by holes in the open tubular system and lined from the inside with tubulin, the molecular weight of which is unable to prevent penetration of the toxicant into the cell. As a result, formaldehyde “concentrates” in platelets and determines their count-dependent blood distribution of formaldehyde.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that whole blood is a more representative body fluid in terms of formaldehyde biomonitoring compared with blood serum and plasma as it provides more accurate complete indicators of its content in the body.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Формальдегид</kwd><kwd>биомониторинг человека</kwd><kwd>цельная кровь</kwd><kwd>плазма крови</kwd><kwd>сыворотка крови</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>formaldehyde</kwd><kwd>human biomonitoring</kwd><kwd>whole blood</kwd><kwd>blood plasma</kwd><kwd>blood serum</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильченко И.Н., Ляпунов С.М., Окина О.И., Карамышева Т.В., Карташева А.Н. 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