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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2024-32-10-73-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-2266</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRIC HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Подходы к идентификации маркеров воздействия окружающей среды и питания на организм дошкольников</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Approaches to Identifying Markers of Effect of Environment and Nutrition in Preschoolers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8566-2446</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мажаева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazhaeva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мажаева Татьяна Васильевна – к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом гигиены питания, качества и безопасности продукции; доцент кафедры эпидемиологии, социальной гигиены и организации госсанэпидслужбы</p><p>ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 </p><p>ул. Репина, д. 3, г. Екатеринбург, 620028 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Mazhaeva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Head of the Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Food Quality and Safety; Assoc. Prof., Department of Epidemiology, Social Hygiene and Organization of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service</p><p>30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014 </p><p>3 Repin Street, Yekaterinburg, 620028 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazhaeva@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-7753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурвич</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurvich</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гурвич Владимир Борисович – д.м.н., научный руководитель </p><p>ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir B. Gurvich, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Scientific Director </p><p>30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gurvich@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутункова</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutunkova</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сутункова Марина Петровна – д.м.н., директор; доцент, заведующий кафедрой гигиены и медицины труда</p><p>ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 </p><p>ул. Репина, д. 3, г. Екатеринбург, 620028 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina P. Sutunkova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Director; Assoc. Prof., Head of the Department of Occupational Health and Medicine</p><p>30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014 </p><p>3 Repin Street, Yekaterinburg, 620028 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sutunkova@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4248-8118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернова</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernova</surname><given-names>Ju. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чернова Юлия Савастьяновна – младший научный сотрудник отдела гигиены питания, качества и безопасности продукции </p><p>ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Julia S. Chernova, Junior Researcher, Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Food Quality and Safety </p><p>30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chernovaus@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8215-9944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярушин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarushin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярушин Сергей Владимирович – старший научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией социально-гигиенического мониторинга </p><p>ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Yarushin, Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Public Health Monitoring </p><p>30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergeyy@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-9742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеботарькова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chebotarkova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чеботарькова Светлана Александровна – к.м.н., доцент, врач по общей гигиене отдела социально-гигиенического мониторинга</p><p>ул. Октябрьской революции, д. 86, г. Нижний Тагил, 622036 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Chebotarkova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), docent; hygienist, Department of Public Health Monitoring </p><p>86 October Revolution Street, Nizhny Tagil, 622036 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">titulas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-7845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минигалиева Ильзира Амировна – д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, зав. отделом токсикологии и биопрофилактики </p><p>ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilzira A. Minigalieva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Head of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis </p><p>30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilzira@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5872-2001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бушуева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bushueva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бушуева Татьяна Викторовна – к.м.н., заведующий НПО лабораторно-диагностических технологий </p><p>ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Bushueva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Research and Production Department “Laboratory and Diagnostic Technologies”</p><p>30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bushueva@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-8016</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штин</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtin</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Штин Татьяна Николаевна – к.х.н., заведующий отделом физико-химических методов исследования </p><p>ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana N. Shtin, Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Head of the Department of Physical and Chemical Research Methods </p><p>30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shtintn@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора ;  ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers ; Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Нижнетагильский филиал ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Свердловской области»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Tagil Branch of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Sverdlovsk Region</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мажаева Т.В., Гурвич В.Б., Сутункова М.П., Чернова Ю.С., Ярушин С.В., Чеботарькова С.А., Минигалиева И.А., Бушуева Т.В., Штин Т.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мажаева Т.В., Гурвич В.Б., Сутункова М.П., Чернова Ю.С., Ярушин С.В., Чеботарькова С.А., Минигалиева И.А., Бушуева Т.В., Штин Т.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mazhaeva T.V., Gurvich V.B., Sutunkova M.P., Chernova J.S., Yarushin S.V., Chebotarkova S.A., Minigalieva I.A., Bushueva T.V., Shtin T.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2266">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2266</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Идентификация маркеров воздействия окружающей среды и питания на организм человека с учетом взаимных влияний остается актуальным направлением для оценки риска здоровью населения.Цель исследования – идентификация маркеров воздействия на организм детей окружающей среды и питания с учетом взаимных влияний.Материалы и методы. Для исследования выбраны дети дошкольного возраста двух территорий с различными условиями среды обитания Свердловской области (n = 197). В период с января 2022 по июнь 2024 г. у детей определялась массовая концентрация 19 металлов, цитогенетические показатели буккального эпителия, интерлейкины (IL-1, IL-4), глутатион-S-трансфераза, 60 органических кислот в моче. Оценивалось меню ДОУ и питание вне ДОУ, антропометрические показатели, заболеваемость по амбулаторным картам, состояние здоровья анкетным методом. Для статистической обработки данных использован пакет Microsoft Excel и программа IBM SPSS.Результаты исследования. Выявлено, что у детей территории с высоким аэрогенным риском экспозиция 7 металлов превышает референтные значения, особенно по алюминию в 3,9 раза, марганцу в 2,5 раза. У них чаще встречаются цитогенетические повреждения клеток буккального эпителия (р &lt; 0,001), более высокие показатели маркеров аллергических реакций (IL 4), выше значения глутатион-S-трансферы и органических кислот, маркеров детоксикации. Питание детей дефицитно по витаминам В1, С, кальцию, а по маркерам органических кислот – по незаменимым аминокислотам и витаминам В9, В12. У детей основной группы чаще выявляются пониженная масса тела. Дети территории сравнения отличаются от основной группы по высокой экспозиции к мышьяку, ртути, меди, большому количеству (85 %) детей, имеющих клетки с микроядрами и ядрами атипичной формы, высокими концентрациями воспалительных цитокинов (IL-1), дефицитом энергии, белка, избытком сахаров в питании, маркерами нарушения энергетического обмена.Заключение: Идентифицированные маркеры двух неадаптивных метаболотипов на воздействие окружающей среды и фенотипов питания позволят дифференцированно подойти к разработке рационов питания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Identification of the markers of effect of environment and nutrition on the human body, given their interplay, remains relevant for health risk assessment.Objective: To identify markers of children’s health effects of environmental exposures and nutrition with account for their mutual influences.Materials and methods: The study involved 197 preschool children living in two towns of the Sverdlovsk Region with different levels of environmental pollution. In January 2022 to June 2024, we tested mass concentrations of 19 metals, cytogenetic parameters of buccal epithelium, interleukins (IL-1, IL-4), glutathione-S-transferase, and 60 organic acids in urine of the subjects. We also evaluated the preschool menu and off-school nutrition, anthropometric parameters, morbidity based on outpatient cards, and health status using a questionnaire-based survey. Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS were used for statistical data analysis. Results: We established that in the children living in the territory with high airborne risks, the levels of exposure to seven chemicals exceeded the reference values, especially those of aluminum and manganese by 3.9 and 2.5 times, respectively. Cytogenetic damage to buccal epithelial cells, higher values of markers of allergic reactions (IL 4), higher values of glutathione-S-transfer and organic acids, and markers of detoxification were also more frequent in this group (p &lt; 0.001). We noted that the diet of children was deficient in vitamins B1 and C, calcium, and, judging by the markersof organic acids, essential amino acids and vitamins B9 and B12. The exposed children differed from the controls in high exposure to arsenic, mercury, and copper; there was also a larger proportion (85 %) of children with cells with micronuclei and atypical nuclei, high concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL 1), energy and protein deficiencies, excess sugars in the diet, and markers of energy metabolism disorders among them.Conclusions: The identified markers of two non-adaptive metabolotypes to environmental exposure and nutritional phenotypes will allow a differentiated approach to developing diets.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дошкольники</kwd><kwd>экспозиция</kwd><kwd>цитогенетические изменения</kwd><kwd>маркеры аллергии и воспаления</kwd><kwd>маркеры питания</kwd><kwd>органические кислоты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preschool children</kwd><kwd>exposure</kwd><kwd>cytogenetic changes</kwd><kwd>markers of allergy and inflammation</kwd><kwd>dietary biomarkers</kwd><kwd>organic acids</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maitre L, Guimbaud JB, Warembourg C, et al., Exposome Data Challenge Participant Consortium. 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