sredobЗдоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСОPublic Health and Life Environment – PH&LE2219-52382619-0788ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора10.35627/2219-5238/2024-32-10-61-65sredob-2262Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ТРУДАOCCUPATIONAL HEALTHСовершенствование методов оценки экспозиции глубокоподземных физических факторов (обзор литературы)Improvement of Methods for Assessing the Exposure to Deep Underground Physical Factors: A Literature Reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7929-9441ЕгороваА. М.EgorovaA. M.

Егорова Анна Михайловна – д-р мед. наук, зав. отделом медицины труда 

ул. Семашко, д. 2, Мытищи Московской обл., 141014 

Anna M. Egorova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Occupational Medicine 

2 Semashko Street,Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014 

egorova.am@fncg.ruФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» РоспотребнадзораРоссияF.F. Erisman Federal Research Center for HygieneRussian Federation20241311202432106165Copyright © Егорова А.М., 20242024Егорова А.М.Egorova A.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2262

Введение. Добыча полезных ископаемых ведется на все большей глубине. Однако мало данных о влиянии физических факторов в зависимости от глубины шахт. Heping Xie предложила новый термин – подземная медицина, которая изучает влияние на человека глубокоподземных факторов.Цель исследования. Изучить по данным отечественных и зарубежных литературных источников глубокоподземные физические факторы и методы оценки экспозиции в зависимости от глубины шахты.Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск литературы с использованием соответствующих ключевых слов в поисковых системах PubMed, по базам данных Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, РИНЦ и другим. Были включены проспективные исследования условий труда и состояния здоровья работающих в глубоких шахтах за период 2000–2024 гг. Из 200 первоначально выявленных статей были отобраны 27 полнотекстовых материалов, удовлетворяющих вышеуказанным критериям. Не учитывались статьи, изучающие работу на поверхности шахт, а также обзорные статьи. Результаты. В ходе проведенного обобщения и систематизации результатов научных исследований у работающих в добыче полезных ископаемых выявлен высокий риск возникновения теплового стресса у работающих, возрастающий с увеличением глубины шахты. Обсуждается необходимость изучения глубокоподземных факторов, которые могут повлиять на здоровье людей, работающих в глубоких шахтах: температура воздуха, тепловое излучение от горных пород, радиация, давление воздуха. Показаны методы оценки экспозиции физических факторов и необходимость их совершенствования.Выводы. Отмечается необходимость совершенствования методов оценки экспозиции глубокоподземных физических факторов, так как при работе в шахтах с увеличением глубины увеличивается температура воздуха и горных пород, влажность воздуха, атмосферное давление, уменьшается мощность дозы γ-излучения. В целях предупреждения заболеваний, обусловленных воздействием глубокоподземных факторов, необходим дифференцированный подход к медико-профилактическим мероприятиям в зависимости от глубины подземных шахт.

Introduction: Mining is carried out at ever greater depths. However, there is little data on the influence of depthrelated physical factors. Heping Xie has proposed the notion of “deep underground medicine”, which studies human health effects of deep underground factors.Objective: To examine deep underground physical factors and methods for assessing exposure by depth of the mine based on domestic and foreign sources.Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted using relevant keywords in the PubMed search engines, in the Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RCSI, and other databases. Prospective studies of working conditions and health status of workers in deep underground mines for 2000–2024 were included. Of 200 search results, 27 full-text articles were eligible for inclusion in the review. The articles discussing works on the surface of mines were discarded, аs well as review articles.Results: A high risk of heat stress in miners that increases with the depth of the mine was revealed in the course of generalization and systematization of published data. The necessity of studying deep underground factors that can affect human health, including air temperature, heat generated within rocks, radiation, and air pressure is discussed. Methods for assessing exposure to physical factors and the need to improve them are demonstrated.Conclusions: The necessity of improving methods for assessing exposures to deep underground physical factors is noted as the air and rock temperature, air humidity, and atmospheric pressure increase while the γ-radiation dose rate decreases with the depth. In order to prevent diseases caused by exposure to deep underground factors, a differentiated approach to depth-related preventive health measures is essential.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.