sredobЗдоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСОPublic Health and Life Environment – PH&LE2219-52382619-0788ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора10.35627/2219-5238/2024-32-10-66-72sredob-2247Research ArticleКОММУНАЛЬНАЯ ГИГИЕНАCOMMUNAL HYGIENEИзучение влияния кипячения питьевой воды на состав органических веществEffect of Boiling on the Composition of Organic Substances in Tap Waterhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4632-6060ХлыстовИ. А.KhlystovI. A.

Хлыстов Иван Андреевич – к.б.н., научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией гигиены окружающей среды и экологии человека отдела комплексных проблем гигиены и профилактики заболеваний населения

ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 

Ivan A. Khlystov, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene and Human Ecology, Department of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Disease Prevention

30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014 

HlistovIA@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7927-0246ХарьковаП. К.KharkovaP. K.

Харькова Полина Константиновна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории гигиены окружающей среды и экологии человека отдела комплексных проблем гигиены и профилактики заболеваний населения

ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 

Polina K. Kharkova, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene and Human Ecology, Department of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Disease Prevention

30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014 

harkovapk@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-7845МинигалиеваИ. А.MinigalievaI. A.

Минигалиева Ильзира Амировна – д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая отделом токсикологии и биопрофилактики

ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 

Ilzira A. Minigalieva, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, Head of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis 

30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014 

ilzira@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6562-2842БугаеваА. В.BugayevaA. V.

Бугаева Александра Владиславовна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории гигиены окружающей среды и экологии человека отдела комплексных проблем гигиены и профилактики заболеваний населения

ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 

Alexandra V. Bugayeva, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene and Human Ecology, Department of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Disease Prevention

30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014 

bugaeva@ymrc.ruФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий»РоссияYekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial WorkersRussian Federation20241311202432106672Copyright © Хлыстов И.А., Харькова П.К., Минигалиева И.А., Бугаева А.В., 20242024Хлыстов И.А., Харькова П.К., Минигалиева И.А., Бугаева А.В.Khlystov I.A., Kharkova P.K., Minigalieva I.A., Bugayeva A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2247

Введение. Антропогенная деятельность приводит к появлению в окружающей среде новых органических соединений с малоизученными физико-химическими и токсическими свойствами. Ввиду несовершенства технологий водоподготовки присутствие данных соединений в питьевых водоисточниках создает угрозу здоровью человека. Некоторые из органических компонентов способны вызывать негативные биологические эффекты в крайне низких концентрациях. Имеется недостаточное количество данных об изменении состава воды при бытовом кипячении. В связи с этим существует необходимость изучения состава органических веществ в разных типах вод.Цель исследования: анализ изменения состава органических веществ при кипячении (бытовом варианте водопользования) питьевой воды методом газовой хроматографии и масс-спектрометрии.Материалы и методы. В образцах питьевой воды перед подачей в распределительную сеть крупного промышленного города Свердловской области, отобранной в разные сезоны года, а также в воде после кипячения проведена идентификация органических веществ методом газовой хроматографии и масс-спектрометрии. Определен перечень веществ, обладающих негативным воздействием на организм.Результаты. В питьевой воде из 65 идентифицированных органических веществ за весь период исследований обнаружено 23 вещества, оказывающих общетоксическое, раздражающее, органоспецифическое, мутагенное и канцерогенное действие на человека, что составляет 35,4 % от общего количества идентифицированных. В воде после кипячения из 53 соединений обнаружено 14 веществ, обладающих доказанным негативным действием на организм, что составляет 26,4 % от общего количества идентифицированных. В результате кипячения сохраняется около 10 % органических веществ от общего первоначального состава.Заключение. Проведена идентификация органических соединений в питьевой воде и воде после кипячения. Выявлена сезонная закономерность изменения состава органических веществ в питьевой воде, обнаружены вещества, обладающие опасными для человека свойствами, установлен факт изменения состава идентифицированных органических веществ в воде после кипячения.

Introduction: Anthropogenic activities cause the emergence of new organic compounds with poorly studied physicochemical and toxic properties in the environment. Due to the shortcomings of water treatment technologies, the presence of these compounds in drinking water sources poses a threat to human health. Even extremely low concentrations of some of the organic components can have adverse biological effects. Data on changes in the composition of water during household boiling are scarce, which makes studies of organic substances in different types of water particularly relevant.Objective: To analyze changes in the composition of organic substances following tap water boiling using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques.Materials and methods: We used GC-MS to identify organic substances in tap water samples collected at a water supply treatment plant of a large industrial city in the Sverdlovsk Region in different seasons of the year before and after boiling and to compile the list of substances having adverse human health effects.Results: Of 65 organic substances identified in tap water over the study period, 23 (35.4 %) had toxic, irritating, organspecific and/or carcinogenic effects on humans. Of 53 compounds found in boiled tap water, 14 (26.4 %) had a proven negative effect on the organism. About 10 % of organic substances originally identified in tap water retained after boiling.Conclusion: We identified organic compounds in tap water before and after boiling, revealed a seasonal pattern of changes in the composition of organic substances, found substances with toxic and carcinogenic properties, and established changes in the composition of identified organic substances after boiling.

органические веществаидентификацияпитьевая водаводопользованиеопасность для здоровьяorganic substancesidentificationtap waterwater usetoxicityReferencesLlanos EJ, Leal W, Luu DH, Jost J, Stadler PF, Restrepo G. Exploration of the chemical space and its three historical regimes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(26):12660- 12665. doi: pnas.1816039116.Llanos EJ, Leal W, Luu DH, Jost J, Stadler PF, Restrepo G. Exploration of the chemical space and its three historical regimes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(26):12660- 12665. doi: pnas.1816039116.Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996. Accessed October 14, 2024. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241561734Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996. Accessed October 14, 2024. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241561734Pironti C, Ricciardi M, Proto A, Bianco PM, Montano L, Motta O. Endocrine-disrupting compounds: An overview on their occurrence in the aquatic environment and human exposure. Water. 2021;13(10):1347. doi: 10.3390/w13101347Pironti C, Ricciardi M, Proto A, Bianco PM, Montano L, Motta O. Endocrine-disrupting compounds: An overview on their occurrence in the aquatic environment and human exposure. Water. 2021;13(10):1347. doi: 10.3390/w13101347Кацнельсон Б.А., Вараксин А.Н., Панов В.Г., Привалова Л.И. и др. Экспериментальное моделирование и математическое описание хронической комбинированной токсичности как основа анализа многофакторных химических рисков для здоровья // Токсикологический вестник. 2015. № 5(134). C. 37–45. EDN: XQJLBR.Katsnelson BA, Varaksin AN, Panov VG, Privalova LI, Minigalieva IA, Kireyeva EP. Experimental modeling and mathematical description of the chronic combined toxicity as a basis of multi-factor chemical health risks analysis. Toksikologicheskiy Vestnik. 2015;(5(134)):37-45. EDN: XQJLBR. (In Russ.)Minigalieva IA, Shtin TN, Makeyev OH, et al. Some outcomes and a hypothetical mechanism of combined lead and benzo(a)pyrene intoxication, and its alleviation with a complex of bioprotectors. Toxicol Rep. 2020;7:986-994. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.004Minigalieva IA, Shtin TN, Makeyev OH, et al. Some outcomes and a hypothetical mechanism of combined lead and benzo(a)pyrene intoxication, and its alleviation with a complex of bioprotectors. Toxicol Rep. 2020;7:986-994. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.004Katsnelson BA, Minigaliyeva IA, Degtyareva TD, Privalova LI, Beresneva TA. Does a concomitant exposure to lead influence unfavorably the naphthalene subchronic toxicity and toxicokinetics? Environ Toxicol Chem. 2014;33(1):152-157. doi: 10.1002/etc.2405Katsnelson BA, Minigaliyeva IA, Degtyareva TD, Privalova LI, Beresneva TA. Does a concomitant exposure to lead influence unfavorably the naphthalene subchronic toxicity and toxicokinetics? Environ Toxicol Chem. 2014;33(1):152-157. doi: 10.1002/etc.2405Хлыстов И.А., Щукина Д.А., Кузьмина Е.А., Плотко Э.Г., Брусницына Л.А. Подходы к нормированию органического углерода и необходимость его обязательного контроля в питьевой воде // Здоровье населения и среда обитания. 2020. № 9(330). С. 61–66. doi: 10.35627/2219-5238/2020-330-9-61-66Khlystov IA, Shchukina DA, Kuzmina EA, Plotko EG, Brusnicyna LA. Approaches to regulating organic carbon and the necessity of its obligatory monitoring in drinking water. Zdorov’e Naseleniya i Sreda Obitaniya. 2020;(9(330)):61-66. (In Russ.) doi: 10.35627/2219-5238/2020-330-9-61-66Rivera J, Fraisse D, Ventura F, Caixach J, Figueras A. Identification of non-volatile organic compounds in GAC filters and in raw and drinking water extracts by FAB and FAB-CID-MIKE spectrometry. Fresenius J Anal Chem. 1987;328(7):577-582. doi: 10.1007/BF00468972Rivera J, Fraisse D, Ventura F, Caixach J, Figueras A. Identification of non-volatile organic compounds in GAC filters and in raw and drinking water extracts by FAB and FAB-CID-MIKE spectrometry. Fresenius J Anal Chem. 1987;328(7):577-582. doi: 10.1007/BF00468972Watts CD, Crathorne B, Fielding M, Killops SD. Nonvolatile organic compounds in treated waters. Environ Health Perspect. 1982;46:87–99. doi: 10.1289/ehp.824687Watts CD, Crathorne B, Fielding M, Killops SD. Nonvolatile organic compounds in treated waters. Environ Health Perspect. 1982;46:87–99. doi: 10.1289/ehp.824687Zhang Y, Yang K, Dong Y, Nie Z, Li W. Chemical characterization of non-volatile dissolved organic matter from oilfield-produced brines in the Nanyishan area of the western Qaidam Basin, China. Chemosphere. 2021;268:128804. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128804Zhang Y, Yang K, Dong Y, Nie Z, Li W. Chemical characterization of non-volatile dissolved organic matter from oilfield-produced brines in the Nanyishan area of the western Qaidam Basin, China. Chemosphere. 2021;268:128804. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128804He D, Li P, He C, Wang Y, Shi Q. Eutrophication and watershed characteristics shape changes in dissolved organic matterchemistry along two river-estuarine transects. Water Res. 2022;214:118196. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118196He D, Li P, He C, Wang Y, Shi Q. Eutrophication and watershed characteristics shape changes in dissolved organic matterchemistry along two river-estuarine transects. Water Res. 2022;214:118196. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118196Lu K, Li X, Chen H, Liu Z. Constraints on isomers of dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments: Insights from ion mobility mass spectrometry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 2021;308:353-372. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2021.05.007Lu K, Li X, Chen H, Liu Z. Constraints on isomers of dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments: Insights from ion mobility mass spectrometry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 2021;308:353-372. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2021.05.007Koul B, Yadav D, Singh S, Kumar M, Song M. Insights into the domestic wastewater treatment (DWWT) regimes: A review. Water. 2022;14(21):3542. doi: 10.3390/w14213542Koul B, Yadav D, Singh S, Kumar M, Song M. Insights into the domestic wastewater treatment (DWWT) regimes: A review. Water. 2022;14(21):3542. doi: 10.3390/w14213542Huang MH, Li YM, Gu GW. Chemical composition of organic matters in domestic wastewater. Desalination. 2010;262(1–3):36-42. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2010.05.037Huang MH, Li YM, Gu GW. Chemical composition of organic matters in domestic wastewater. Desalination. 2010;262(1–3):36-42. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2010.05.037Ma JX, Xu Y, Sun FY, Chen XD, Wang W. Perspective for removing volatile organic compounds during solar-driven water evaporation toward water production. Ecomat. 2021;3(6):e12147. doi: 10.1002/eom2.12147Ma JX, Xu Y, Sun FY, Chen XD, Wang W. Perspective for removing volatile organic compounds during solar-driven water evaporation toward water production. Ecomat. 2021;3(6):e12147. doi: 10.1002/eom2.12147Erasto P, Viljoen AM. Limonene – a review: Biosynthetic, ecological and pharmacological relevance. Nat Prod Commun. 2008;3(7):1193-1202. doi: 10.1177/1934578X0800300728Erasto P, Viljoen AM. Limonene – a review: Biosynthetic, ecological and pharmacological relevance. Nat Prod Commun. 2008;3(7):1193-1202. doi: 10.1177/1934578X0800300728Темердашев З.А., Павленко Л.Ф., Корпакова И.Г., Ермакова Я.С., Экилик В.С. О некоторых методических аспектах оценки нефтяного загрязнения водных объектов с учетом деградации нефтепродуктов во времени // Аналитика и контроль. 2016. № 20(3). С. 225–235. doi: 10.15826/analitika.2016.20.3.006Temerdashev ZA, Pavlenko LPh, Karpokova IG, Ermakova YaS, Ekilik VS. Some methodological aspects of oil pollution evaluation of water bodies based on the degradation of petroleum products over time. Analitika i Kontrol’. 2016;20(3):225-235. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15826/analitika.2016.20.3.006Kato LS, Conte-Junior CA. Safety of plastic food packaging: The challenges about non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) discovery, identification and risk assessment. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(13):2077. doi: 10.3390/polym13132077Kato LS, Conte-Junior CA. Safety of plastic food packaging: The challenges about non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) discovery, identification and risk assessment. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(13):2077. doi: 10.3390/polym13132077Kalweit C, Stottmeister E, Rapp T. Contaminants migrating from crossed-linked polyethylene pipes and their effect on drinking water odour. Water Res. 2019;161:341-353. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.001Kalweit C, Stottmeister E, Rapp T. Contaminants migrating from crossed-linked polyethylene pipes and their effect on drinking water odour. Water Res. 2019;161:341-353. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.001Song K, Wen Z, Jacinthe PA, Zhao Y, Du J. Dissolved carbon and CDOM in lake ice and underlying waters along a salinity gradient in shallow lakes of Northeast China. J Hydrol. 2019;571:545-558. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.02.012Song K, Wen Z, Jacinthe PA, Zhao Y, Du J. Dissolved carbon and CDOM in lake ice and underlying waters along a salinity gradient in shallow lakes of Northeast China. J Hydrol. 2019;571:545-558. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.02.012Lozovik PA, Morozov AK, Zobkov MB, Dukhovicheva TA, Osipova LA. Allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter in surface waters in Karelia. Water Resour. 2007;34(2):204–216. doi: 10.1134/S009780780702011XLozovik PA, Morozov AK, Zobkov MB, Dukhovicheva TA, Osipova LA. Allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter in surface waters in Karelia. Water Resour. 2007;34(2):204–216. doi: 10.1134/S009780780702011XToming K, Tuvikene L, Vilbaste S, et al. Contributions of autochthonous and allochthonous sources to dissolved organic matter in a large, shallow, eutrophic lake with a highly calcareous catchment. Limnol Oceanogr. 2013;58(4):1259–1270. doi: 10.4319/lo.2013.58.4.1259Toming K, Tuvikene L, Vilbaste S, et al. Contributions of autochthonous and allochthonous sources to dissolved organic matter in a large, shallow, eutrophic lake with a highly calcareous catchment. Limnol Oceanogr. 2013;58(4):1259–1270. doi: 10.4319/lo.2013.58.4.1259Mostofa KMG, Yoshioka T, Mottaleb A, Vione D, eds. Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter: Principles and Practices in Water Environments. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2012. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5Mostofa KMG, Yoshioka T, Mottaleb A, Vione D, eds. Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter: Principles and Practices in Water Environments. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2012. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5Daughton CG, Ternes TA. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: Agents of subtle change? Environ Health Perspect. 1999;107(Suppl 6):907–938. doi: 10.1289/ehp.99107s6907Daughton CG, Ternes TA. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: Agents of subtle change? Environ Health Perspect. 1999;107(Suppl 6):907–938. doi: 10.1289/ehp.99107s6907Tsuchiya Y. Organical chemicals as contaminants of water bodies and drinking water. In: Kubota S, Tsuchiya Y, eds. Water Quality and Standards. EOLSS Publications; 2010;2:150-171.Tsuchiya Y. Organical chemicals as contaminants of water bodies and drinking water. In: Kubota S, Tsuchiya Y, eds. Water Quality and Standards. EOLSS Publications; 2010;2:150-171.Svigruha R, Fodor I, Győri J, Schmidt J, Padisák J, Pirger Z. Effects of chronic sublethal progestogen exposure on development, reproduction, and detoxification system of water flea, Daphnia magna. Sci Total Environ. 2021;784:147113. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147113Svigruha R, Fodor I, Győri J, Schmidt J, Padisák J, Pirger Z. Effects of chronic sublethal progestogen exposure on development, reproduction, and detoxification system of water flea, Daphnia magna. Sci Total Environ. 2021;784:147113. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147113Focazio MJ, Kolpin DW, Barnes KK, et al. A national reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States – II) Untreated drinking water sources. Sci Total Environ. 2008;402(2-3):201-216. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.021Focazio MJ, Kolpin DW, Barnes KK, et al. A national reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States – II) Untreated drinking water sources. Sci Total Environ. 2008;402(2-3):201-216. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.021Kubickova B, Ramwell C, Hilscherova K, Jacobs MN. Highlighting the gaps in hazard and risk assessment of unregulated Endocrine Active Substances in surface waters: Retinoids as a European case study. Environ Sci Eur. 2021;33:20. doi: 10.1186/s12302-020-00428-0Kubickova B, Ramwell C, Hilscherova K, Jacobs MN. Highlighting the gaps in hazard and risk assessment of unregulated Endocrine Active Substances in surface waters: Retinoids as a European case study. Environ Sci Eur. 2021;33:20. doi: 10.1186/s12302-020-00428-0

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.